Question : 43) If buyers pay more of a tax than do : 1241641

43) If buyers pay more of a tax than do the sellers,

A) demand is more elastic than supply.

B) the amount of tax revenue collected by the government is almost zero.

C) supply is more elastic than demand.

D) the equilibrium price paid by buyers rises by less than half the amount of the tax.

E) None of the above answers is correct.

44) Cigarettes are highly addictive and therefore have a very low elasticity of demand. A $2.00 increase in the national sales tax on cigarettes would likely cause the price paid by buyers of cigarettes to

A) increase by more than $1.00 but less than $2.00.

B) increase by $2.00.

C) increase by more than $2.00.

D) increase by less than $1.00.

E) remain unchanged.

45) A $2.00 increase in the size of a tax on a good will only cause the price for buyers to increase by $2.00 if

A) demand is perfectly inelastic.

B) demand is perfectly elastic.

C) demand is unit elastic.

D) demand is inelastic, but not perfectly inelastic.

E) demand is elastic, but not perfectly elastic.

46) If the supply of automobiles becomes more inelastic, then a tax on automobiles is

A) paid more by the buyers after the change than before.

B) paid more by the sellers after the change than before.

C) always split evenly between the buyers and the sellers.

D) paid more by the government after the change than before.

E) always paid entirely by the buyers.

47) For a given elasticity of demand, the less elastic the supply, the

A) larger the deadweight loss from a tax.

B) larger the share of a tax paid by the sellers.

C) greater the burden on the government from a tax.

D) greater is the excess burden from a tax.

E) larger the share of a tax paid by the buyers.

48) Sellers bear the entire incidence of a tax on a good. This outcome can occur if

A) supply is perfectly inelastic.

B) the good is an inferior good.

C) demand is perfectly inelastic.

D) the demand curve is downward sloping and the supply curve is upward sloping.

E) supply is perfectly elastic.

49) Why do sellers pay all of a tax when supply is perfectly inelastic?

A) because a perfectly inelastic supply means that the demand is elastic

B) because the government requires firms to collect the tax

C) because a perfectly inelastic supply means that the quantity supplied is quite sensitive to a change in price

D) because a perfectly inelastic supply means that suppliers will produce the same amount regardless of the price

E) because in this case the price of the good that suppliers receive and keep does not change

50) Suppose the elasticity of supply of land is 0 and elasticity of demand is 2. If the government imposes a 10 percent tax on land, then

A) buyers and sellers each pay 5 percent of the tax.

B) buyers pay all of the tax.

C) sellers pay all of the tax.

D) sellers pay a smaller share of the tax than do buyers but both buyers and sellers pay some of the tax.

E) buyers pay 1/2 of the tax.

51) The supply of sand is perfectly inelastic and the demand curve for sand is downward sloping. Hence, if a tax on sand is imposed,

A) sand buyers pay the entire tax.

B) sand sellers pay the entire tax.

C) the tax is split evenly between the buyers and sellers.

D) the government pays the entire tax.

E) the government collects no tax revenue because the supply is perfectly inelastic.

52) Suppose the supply of apartments in Minneapolis is perfectly elastic. The effect of a $100 per month tax on all apartments is that

A) landlords pay none of the tax and there is a surplus of apartments.

B) landlords pay all of the tax and suffer all of the deadweight loss.

C) landlords pay all of the tax and no changes take place in the quantity of apartments supplied.

D) renters pay all of the tax.

E) the government collects no tax revenue because the supply is perfectly elastic.

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July 1, 2023

1. Discuss the behavioral genetics of individual differences, being sure to focus on common misunderstandings about heritability estimates.
2 Two brain structures have been most frequently linked to human emotion. Which are they? Describe research that has implicated each in human emotion.
3. Explain color constancy. What important points does it make about the mechanisms of color vision? Describe a theory of color vision that can explain color constancy, focusing on the evidence that led to the theory.
4. Compare set-point and positive-incentive theories of hunger and eating. Compare their ability to predict two major research findings.
5.Describe and discuss sexual dimorphisms of the mammalian brain. How do they develop? Include cyclic gonadotropin release, the sexually dimorphic nucleus, and the aromatization hypothesis in your answer.

6.What distinguishes biopsychology from the other subdisciplines of neuroscience?

A.its focus on the study of behavior
B.its focus on animal subjects
C.its focus on psychiatric disorders
D.its focus on psychoactive drugs

7.Structure of the nervous system is to function of the nervous system as
A.biopsychology is to psychology.
B.neuroanatomy is to neurophysiology.
C.neuropathology is to clinical psychology.
D.neuroscience is to biopsychology

8.In the study of heritability estimates, increasing the genetic diversity of the subjects without introducing other changes would likely
A.decrease the heritability estimate.
B.confound the experiment.
C.increase the accuracy of the heritability estimate.
D.increase the heritability estimate.

9.The sensitive period for the development of a particular trait is the period
A.of chronic pain.
B.of sexual receptivity.
C.of fertility.
D.during which a particular experience must occur to have a major effect on the development of the trait.

Deterioration of the pathway from the substantia nigra to the striatum is often found in cases of
A.Korsakoff's syndrome.
B.Parkinson's disease.
C.autism.
D.Alzheimer’s disease.

Which of the following are multipolar cortical neurons with long axons, apical dendrites, and triangular cell bodies?
A.stellate cells
B.chandelier cells
C.pyramidal cells
D.granule cells

Many self-stimulation sites
A.contain serotonergic neurons.
B.are part of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system.
C.are adrenergic.
D.are glutaminergic

Which of the following drugs produces Buerger's disease?
A.tobacco
B.morphine
C.marijuana
D.cocaine

Darwin believed that
A.expressions of emotion evolve from behaviors that indicate what an animal is likely to do next.
B.expressions of emotion evolve in ways that enhance their communicative function and that their original function may be lost.
C.opposite messages are often signaled by opposite movements and postures.
D.all of the above

The pattern of behavior that is observed in monkeys after their anterior temporal lobes have been removed is called
A.sham rage.
B.the Kluver-Bucy syndrome.
C.hippocampal rage.
D.septal rage.

Many studies have found structural and functional brain pathology in patients suffering from affective disorders. Although there is little consensus about the exact location of the brain pathology, it is most commonly observed in three structures. These structures include the
A.amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex.
B.hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex.
C.amygdala and hippocampus.
D.all of the above

Clinical depression and anxiety are comorbid disorders, which means that they
A.both increase the likelihood of suicide.
B.both increase susceptibility to terminal illness.
C.have the same effect on neurochemicals.
D.tend to occur together in the same individuals.

A.T. is a woman with selective damage to her dorsal visual stream. She has
A.little difficulty making accurate movements under visual control.
B.substantial difficulty making accurate movements under visual control.
C.substantial difficulty consciously recognizing objects.
D.lost all ability to respond to moving images.

In general, information in the primary visual cortex is thought to flow from __________ to __________ to __________.
A.lower layer IV; simple cells; complex cells
B.lower layer IV; complex cells; simple cells
C.simple cells; lower layer IV; complex cells
D.simple cells; complex cells; lower layer IV

In the classic transection experiments of Lawrence and Kuypers, monkeys with all their dorsolateral motor pathways transected sat with their arms hanging limply by their sides. However, these same monkeys had no difficulty
A.picking up pieces of food and then releasing them.
B.using their arms for standing, walking, and climbing.
C.reaching for moving objects.
D.moving their fingers independently.

According to current theory, the sensorimotor system
A.is largely ballistic.
B.is largely, if not entirely, ipsilateral.
C.comprises a hierarchy of central sensorimotor programs.
D.all of the above

The three phases of energy metabolism are, in sequence,
A.eat, fast, and absorb.
B.absorptive, cephalic, and fasting.
C.cephalic, absorptive, and fasting.
D.fasting, absorptive, and cephalic.

Set-point theories of hunger and eating are inconsistent with
A.eating-related evolutionary pressures as we understand them.
B.the major effects on eating of taste, learning, and social factors.
C.the failure of researchers to confirm that energy deficits are the usual stimuli for eating.
D.all of the above

Which of the following statements is true?
A.Men and women have fundamentally different anterior pituitaries.
B.Men and women have fundamentally different posterior pituitaries.
C.A male pituitary transplanted into a female displays a cyclic pattern of hormone release.
D.A female pituitary transplanted into a male displays a cyclic pattern of hormone release.

The external reproductive organs of males and females develop
A.from different tissue.
B.from the same bipotential tissue.
C.under environmental control.
D.under direct genetic control.