Question : 78.According to the action research model, which of the following : 1243827

Economics

78.According to the action research model, which of the following occurs during the “diagnose the need for change” step?

A.Analysis of data

B.Establishment of client-consultant relationship

C.Determination of the change effectiveness

D.Establishment of new conditions

E.Selection of external consultant

79._____ tries to break out of the problem-solving mentality of traditional change management practices by reframing relationships around the positive and the possible.

A.Parallel learning structure

B.Large group intervention

C.Force field analysis

D.Action research

E.Appreciative inquiry

80.The positive principle, the constructionist principle, and the simultaneity principle are principles of:

A.parallel learning structures.

B.appreciative inquiry.

C.action research.

D.process consultation.

E.large group interventions.

81.The four stages of appreciative inquiry, in order, are:

A.problem identification, envisioning, choosing the best solution, and appreciating.

B.dialogue initiating, innovating, creating, and appreciating.

C.problem identification, causal analysis, recommended solutions, and choosing the best solution.

D.discovery, dreaming, designing, and delivering.

E.problem identification, envisioning, performing, and evaluating.

82.According to the Four-D Model, appreciative inquiry begins by:

A.determining the cause of the problem.

B.determining whether there is a problem that needs to be fixed.

C.involving employees in the process of refreezing.

D.identifying the positive elements of an organization or work unit that is performing well.

E.creating a common image among participants of what should be in their own organization.

83.In organizational change, future search conferences are used mainly to:

A.force employees to accept the changes to be implemented.

B.involve as many employees and other stakeholders as possible in the change process.

C.give executives an opportunity to negotiate with employees to accept the changes.

D.train employees in the skills required for the change process.

E.refreeze the desired conditions in the organization.

84.Which of the following organizational change activities “puts the entire system in the room”?

A.Future search conference

B.Action research

C.Appreciative inquiry

D.Force field analysis

E.Parallel learning structures

85.What is the role of future search conferences in the process of organizational change?

A.They are an effective form of coercion so that employees agree to abide by the change process.

B.They mainly select the best person to serve as the change agent for the process.

C.They build commitment to the change process by involving as many employees as possible.

D.They interfere with the change process and therefore should be avoided unless the other approaches fail.

E.They are mainly a forum whereby senior executives can tell employees about their future corporate plans.

86.A parallel learning structure:

A.is a feature of all organizational change interventions.

B.includes highly participative teams constructed alongside the formal organizational hierarchy.

C.exists in organizations where employees are located in two or more buildings.

D.is mostly comprised of senior management and some professional staff members.

E.includes a specialized team of experts who possess the necessary skills to monitor the change process.

87.A major consumer-products company wanted to create a more entrepreneurial and marketing-oriented culture. After failing to bring about the change through middle management, senior executives worked directly with selected teams of front-line employees. These teams, which represented each area of the organization, worked on special projects outside the normal organizational structure. They followed the action research model to produce meaningful organizational change. Which of the following change strategies does this intervention represent?

A.Appreciative inquiry

B.Process consultation

C.Parallel learning structures

D.Sequential intervention

E.Top-down approach

88.ABC Corp selected employees from across the organization to find new ways to serve its customers. The team operated independently of the main organization and experimented with new service delivery approaches. This team is most similar to:

A.the sequential approach to organizational change.

B.a parallel learning structure.

C.the appreciative inquiry approach to organizational change.

D.theprocess of diffusing organizational change.

E.the process of creating an urgency to change.

89.Which of the following statements is true concerning Lewin’s Force Field model in the context of changes in other cultures?

A.Lewin’smodel is equally applicable in any cultural setting.

B.Lewin’s model, like the Western perspective on change, views change as linear.

C.Lewin’s model decreases the presence of ethical concerns often associated with change in other cultures.

D.Lewin’s model views change as a harmonious process revolving around an equilibrium.

E.Lewin’s model assumes that change is interconnected.

90.The CEO of Trendy Fashions should know that the four stages of appreciative inquiry, in order, are:

A.problem identification, envisioning, choosing the best solution, and appreciating.

B.dialoguing, innovating, creating, and appreciating.

C.problem identification, causal analysis, recommended solutions, and choosing the best solution.

D.discovery, dreaming, designing, and delivering.

E.problemidentification, envisioning, performing, and evaluating.

91.The CEO will need to know that the first step in his appreciative inquiry change effort will begin with:

A.determining the cause of the problem.

B.determining whether there exists a problem that needs to be fixed.

C.involving employees in the process of unfreezing.

D.identifying the positive elements of the organization or work unit that is performing well.

E.creating a common image among participants of what should be in their own organization.

92.One reason the CEO’s idea of using an appreciative inquiry approach might be successful is that this approach takes the organization from “what is” to ultimately:

A.”what will be.”

B.”what should be.”

C.”what could be.”

D.”what might be.”

E.”what cannot be.”

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July 1, 2023

Padlet https://padlet.com/ is based on cards and you can add images and maps

LucidSpakr or Miro https://miro.com/ and JamBoard https://jamboard.google.com/?pli=1 allow you to do a sort of notes, images etc into categories

1. Final Test Plan:

What do you want to measure with your testing? (Note – how good is my interface is not a specific enough question!)
What tasks will you ask the user to perform so that you will be able to measure participant’s responses and help answer your questions?
Decide how you want the user to share their feedback. Will they:
think aloud, and/or
fill out a questionnaire, and/or
complete a post-test interviews, and/or

o all of the above.

Prepare an outline that includes:

What is the question you are asking? How can you measure this?
How the user test will be run,
Written instructions that you will read to the users, and
Any other materials (e.g. questionnaires, interview questions) that will be used during the session.

Check out the resources for usability testing

Krug has a range of pdf's & docs for downloading
User Focus provides a plan on a page approach which you will need to use in your Deliverable 3 - document here

According to the International Standards Organisation ISO 9241-11, usability is defined as the:

'extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness,

efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.'

. View the Usability Standard and explore the definitions section.

What are the elements of usability and
How are they defined?

2. Scan the brief article by Bevan (2009) International Standards for Usability Should Be More Widely Used

discover some of the standards that inform software usability
what are the problems and benefits of implementing standards.
a brief summary of Information technology standards are outlined by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): Project: Usability Standards

3. Finally, a Common Industry Format has been developed to report usability issues in software:

Online Testing

Tools exist online for testing eg

Usability Hub and Optimizely

What does the SUS do and how could it be useful to your prototype?
What aspect of usability does it focus on?
Would this tool be useful for Deliverable 4? How?
Would you need to adapt the tool to your context of use?
What advice does the academic article provide regarding adapting the tool?

sing the DECIDE framework plan your user study. Write up using the plan on a page template below.

1. As a group, decide what aspect of your prototype would benefit from an alternative design. Create a paper or functional wireframe prototype for this.

2. Check if you covered Behavioural and Attitudinal aspects, and use Quantitative and Qualitative

3. What data is Subjective, what is Objective? What is the importance of each?

3. Carry out a pilot study as a team to test your plan (this should include the alternative screens)

4. As a team adjust your plan (if necessary based on your pilot study experience)

Use tools like the System Usability Scale to measure feedback and write up template

5. All team members to conduct a user study or test. (upload individual studies to the submission discussion board or OneDrive

6. Look at user testing online to collect good data for you analysis

https://app.usabilityhub.com/ or https://www.optimizely.com/anz/

7. Collate the results from all user studies and create a set of findings from your research

8. Analyse Results: Taking your qualitative and quantitative data, analyse to features of your design and what should be improved.

9. Submit to Learnline:

your plan and prototype deadlines
your individual user studies (including video links)
your team analysis, and a list of changes to be implemented

As a team

What did you want to find out about your prototype from users? Make sense of your data.

1. Assemble all the data you individually collected for Deliverable #4. This should include your observation notes, videos, photos and any other information documented during the test.

2. Individually share your findings. As each member discusses what happened, the team leader should designate someone as scribe to keep notes of the findings.

3. Review your findings. What are the common themes emerging from the user testing?

4. As a group, decide:

what did your users think worked (functionality wise) with your prototype
what did your users think didnt work (functionality wise) with your prototype
was your second design more effective than the original ideas you have
what changes need to be made to the prototype

5. Write up your findings. This should include your group's summary and the individual work from each member acknowledged

7. Submit user results to the discussion board on Learnline if you want ideas for analysis

Adding Visuals

Collating results so farOur results so far

The visual aspect of your app should match what you have learnt about the users. Be inclusive of different users and their preferences, consider visual disabilities and stay with the design pattern you have developed
You will need to put sample videos where you have videos, and make sure you have sample text where that would be needed. The users being tested need to understand what you see as the information (visual and written) that will be on each page.
Read some references on the approach to visual design . A visual designer is an extension of graphical design considering user interface aspects.
Focus on the five principles of visual design:
1. Scale
2. Visual hierarchy
3. Balance
4. Contrast
5. Gestalt
6. Read what these refer to.