Question :
131.“When in Rome, do as the Romans do,” underscores the : 1231231
131.“When in Rome, do as the Romans do,” underscores the importance of ______ in learning.
A)modeling
B)latency
C)insight
D)shaping
E)reinforcement
132.Which of the following can best described as an example of observational learning?
A) Deborah, who gives her four-year-old son a hug every time he puts his toys away.
B) Samantha, who has wandered through the downtown area a number of times without having a particular goal in mind. When she is asked to take a friend to a particular restaurant in that neighborhood, she almost immediately picks the shortest route.
C) Dr. Caruthers , who has been working on a particularly thorny problem in microbiology for a number of months. She then suddenly realizes the solution to her problem, seemingly without effort.
D) Jason, who has a flat tire while driving on a country road. He remembers having seen his dad change a flat tire before, so he doesn’t hesitate to attempt the task himself. He is successful in the attempt and is soon on his way again.
E) Patrick, who is planning to spend the day at the beach. He packs sunscreen and applies it to himself every two hours while he is at the beach because he doesn’t want to get a sunburn.
133.Which of the following does NOT belong?
A)observation
B)modeling
C)vicarious learning
D)conditioned stimulus
E)imitation
134.Psychologist Albert Bandura believes that children learn aggression through
A)classical conditioning.
B)insight learning.
C)observing and imitating models.
D)latent learning.
E)none of these; Bandura believes that aggression is an inborn quality.
135.Regarding observational learning, which of the following is FALSE?
A)The influence of modeling is weaker when the model is similar to the learner.
B)Modeling influences a wide range of human behaviors, from forming opinions to ways of resolving conflicts with others.
C)Observational learning has been found to play a greater role in the development of phobias than direct conditioning.
D)Through observational learning, people become capable of behaviors before they have even practiced those behaviors.
E)People are more likely to imitate models that receive rewards for performing the observed behavior.
136.Which of the following best describes Bandura’s research and subsequent general conclusions about the effects of violent television on behavior?
A)Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has been supported.
B)Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has been partially supported with only some groups of children.
C)Bandura believed that children become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has been supported, but only with children who showed aggressive tendencies beforehand.
D)Bandura believed that children do become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his research has not been supported.
E)Bandura believed that children do not become more aggressive after observing aggressive models on television, and his hypothesis has been supported.
137.A clear connection between a behavior and a reinforcement is referred to as
A)a continuity.
B)a contingency.
C)a discriminative stimulus.
D)a reinforcement connection.
E)a primary connection.
138.______ is a process by which two people in a relationship list the behaviors of the other that they would like changed, and then they agree to reinforce each other for making the changes.
A)Behavioral management
B)Method of successive approximations
C)Reinforcement scheduling
D)Cognitive mapping
E)Contingency contracting
139.Karl wishes to reinforce positive behavior in his fourth grade students. After identifying the desired behaviors, what would be Karl’s next step?
A)track the frequency of desired behaviors
B)wean the children from the reinforcers
C)explain contingencies
D)select reinforcers
E)apply reinforcers
140.Donatello is using the guidelines for reinforcement with her son Giovanni. Donatello tells her son, “Giovanni, when you clean up all of your toys, you’ll get a gold star on your chart.” Which guideline is Donatello working with?
A)using social reinforcement to maintain the behavior
B)selecting a reinforcer
C)applying the reinforcer
D)tracking the frequency of desired behavior
E)explaining the contingency
141.Of the following parents giving praise to their child, which is using the most effective strategy?
A)Abdul tells his daughter, “You’re a good girl” when she is polite to the neighbor.
B)Barney tells his son, “I’m so proud of how well you prepared for your biology test.”
C)Cornelius uses the phrase, “You did a wonderful job” every time he praises his daughter.
D)Darnell says to his son, “I’m proud of how you played tennis, but maybe next time you’ll get more points.”
E)Ed, who after his daughter shows him her artwork, avoids making eye contact but says, “That’s a great job you did.”
142.Although Hannah knows that praise strengthens desirable behavior in children, she is not sure what specific strategies she should use. Which of the following guidelines should Hannah follow?
A)Reward the outcome, not the effort.
B)Show a serious expression when giving praise to underscore the importance of the behavior.
C)Combine physical contact with verbal praise.
D)Give general praise for all accomplishments to build overall self-esteem.
E)Repeat praise regularly.
143. Every time her husband pays her a compliment, Sarah looks him in the eye and smiles at him. This is an example of
A) negative reinforcement.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) primary reinforcement.
D) observational learning.
E) latent learning.
144.Karen agrees to replace the toilet paper when it runs out if her roommate, Susan, will wash her dirty dishes every evening after dinner. This is an example of
A) latent learning.
B)escape learning.
C) applying reinforcement.
D)giving praise.
E) contingency contracting.
145.Shawn does extremely well on his spelling test in school. His father praises Shawn for this test score and tells him how smart he is, but he should be able to learn the next list of words even faster. Where giving praise is concerned, Shawn’s Dad needs to know about the principle of
A) “Be specific.”
B) “Connect by making eye contact.”
C) “Don’t end on a sour note.”
D) “Avoid empty flattery.”
E) “Reward the effort, not the outcome.”
