Question :
21. Maria trying to compute the velocity of a falling rock : 1201981
21. Maria is trying to compute the velocity of a falling rock using the appropriate formula. Maria is using _____ to solve this problem.
A. informal reasoning
B. inductive reasoning
C. formal reasoning
D. decomposition
22. Mindy took apart her alarm clock in an attempt to repair it, and now she has to put it back together. She forgot how the pieces were connected, so she tries fitting each piece with every other piece until she finds one that fits. Mindy’s approach to problem solving demonstrates
A. an algorithm.
B. a heuristic.
C. functional fixedness.
D. lack of intelligence.
23. Shalena has forgotten all but the middle two letters of her computer password. She decides to insert every combination of letters in the missing spaces to try to find her password. She eventually comes upon the right combination. Shalena used a(n) _____ to recover her password.
A. script
B. mental model
C. heuristic
D. algorithm
24. “All talk show hosts are annoying. Regis is a talk show host. Therefore, Regis is annoying.” The previous quote is an example of _____ with _____.
A. a mental model; a biased conclusion
B. a mental model; a logical proposition
C. deductive reasoning; a false assumption
D. deductive reasoning; faulty logic
25. You are a juror in a murder trial. You must decide how believable a witness’s testimony is. To do so you must use _____ reasoning.
A. propositional
B. quantitative
C. formal
D. informal
26. For a class project, Mindi has to deliver a presentation on heuristics and algorithms. She decides to create a demonstration to illustrate how people often use heuristics instead of algorithms. People do this because heuristics
A. avoid mental sets.
B. guarantee solutions.
C. avoid functional fixedness.
D. save time.
27. Katy thinks that she can get a three-bedroom apartment near campus for $250 a month. Marty tells her that he saw one advertised for $600 a month. Katy changes her original estimate and now thinks that she can get an apartment for $300 a month. Katy’s revised estimate is affected by the _____ heuristic.
A. algorithm
B. availability
C. anchoring
D. representativeness
28. Natalie estimates that she will get an A+ in her math class. When she receives a C– on the first exam, she changes her estimate of her course grade to an A. Natalie is being affected by the _____ heuristic.
A. representativeness
B. availability
C. anchoring
D. simulation
29. Carla is described as very intelligent, analytical, goal directed, interested in biology, and quite popular. When participants are asked to guess whether Carla is a premed major or a drama major, nearly all guess “premed.” Even when participants are told that only 10 percent of the students at Carla’s school are premed majors, whereas 90 percent are drama majors, most participants still believe Carla must be a premed major. This example illustrates the influence of the _____ heuristic.
A. probability
B. availability
C. representativeness
D. confirmation
30. You know that Stan works at a television station. When you find out that Stan played college football, you automatically assume that Stan works as a sportscaster for the television station. In actuality, Stan works in the news department, as there are many more jobs in the news department than in the sports department. In this example, your judgment was influenced by the _____ heuristic.
A. anchoring
B. representativeness
C. availability
D. functional
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