Question :
111. Marney studying the relationship between the rate of teen pregnancies : 1201779
111. Marney is studying the relationship between the rate of teen pregnancies in U.S. high school students and the availability of contraceptives. She selects a sample composed of equal numbers of first-year, sophomore, junior, and senior women from a local high school. Marney’s sample is
A. random.
B. biased.
C. representative.
D. generalizable.
112. A researcher at Oak Tree University has students in the psychology participant pool fill out a survey about life satisfaction. This psychology participant pool represents a _____ sample of the adult population in the United States.
A. random
B. biased
C. representative
D. placebo
113. Behavioral genetics is
A. the biology of inheritance.
B. similar to the evolutionary approach.
C. the study of how genes affect behavior.
D. also known as neuropsychology.
114. Brent suffers from schizophrenia. If schizophrenia is passed along genetically, who is at the greatest risk of developing this disorder?
A. Billy, his identical twin
B. Betty, his sister
C. Barry, his father
D. Bonnie, his mother
115. If Dr. Tarantino wants to know the degree to which heredity and environment affect differences among individuals, he would likely consider any of the following research approaches except for a(n) _____ study.
A. family
B. twin
C. adoption
D. experimental
116. Dr. Ayhee’s research is focused on exploring how environmental effects, such as stress and disease, can alter the functions of genes in the human body, even though the DNA itself remains unchanged. This field of study is known as
A. forensic psychology.
B. inferential studies.
C. environmental psychology.
D. epigenetics.
117. Twenty volunteers are shown a movie about a party. After viewing, participants are asked to rate their reactions to the movie using a scale that went from 1 to 10. In this example, the data would be the
A. participants.
B. movie watched.
C. party.
D. participants’ ratings.
118. A researcher wants to know what conclusions she can reasonably draw from the data that she collected in her experiment. The researcher should use _____ statistics in order to understand what her data mean.
A. inferential
B. quantitative
C. variable
D. descriptive
119. Psychologists use _____ statistics to get a sense of what numbers are in a given data set; they use _____ statistics to understand what those numbers mean.
A. inferential; quantitative
B. quantitative; variable
C. descriptive; inferential
D. variable; descriptive
120. Todd hypothesizes that the students in School A are more intelligent than the students in School B. To test his hypothesis, Todd samples students from each school and administers an intelligence test to the two groups. He finds that there is a statistically significant difference in the scores of the two groups, which means that the
A. students in one school are definitely more intelligent than those in the other.
B. difference between the groups is due to chance.
C. students in the two schools are of equal intelligence.
D. difference between the groups is probably not due to chance.
121. What does it mean to say that the results of a study are not statistically significant? The results
A. could reasonably be expected to have occurred by chance.
B. are extremely unlikely to have occurred by chance.
C. are not scientifically valuable.
D. are extremely unlikely to have occurred by chance and are not scientifically valuable.
122. When is it allowable for subjects to be exposed to risk or discomfort during research?
A. Only when risk and discomfort are temporary
B. Only when minimal risk and discomfort are outweighed by the benefit to the knowledge base and to human welfare
C. When nonhuman subjects are used
D. It is never allowable.
123. An experimenter is studying the facial expression of the emotion of terror. He plans to point a loaded gun at participants as they enter the room and photograph them at the same instant. Such an experiment would be ethically
A. acceptable if the experimenter explained the experiment afterward.
B. acceptable if the experimenter explained the experiment afterward and if the participants were paid.
C. acceptable if the participants were paid.
D. unacceptable because the risks and discomfort to the participants outweigh the potential benefits of the knowledge gained.
124. A psychologist proposed an experiment in which he would tell participants that their performances on an intelligence test were extremely low (regardless of actual performance) and then measure their self-esteem. What might an American Psychological Association ethics committee say about such a proposal?
A. Deception is allowable only if it is revealed immediately afterward and if the emotional distress that it causes is short-lived.
B. Deception is allowable only if participants give informed consent prior to the experiment.
C. Deception is never allowable.
D. Deception such as this would cause emotional discomfort, so it should not be done.
125. Which of the following statements about the use of animal subjects in psychological research is false?
A. Animals are used as subjects in almost 50 percent of all psychological research.
B. Studies of animals can yield information relevant to humans that would be impossible to collect from humans.
C. Animals used in psychological research are not routinely subjected to extreme pain, starvation, or other inhumane conditions.
D. There are strict guidelines that set standards for the care and treatment of animal subjects.
