Question : 31. Older children, who _____, recognize that punishment occurs only : 1254756

 

31. Older children, who are _____, recognize that punishment occurs only if someone witnesses the wrongdoing and that even then, punishment is not inevitable.

a. moral autonomists

b. empathic thinkers

c. gender-typed

d. heteronomous thinkers

32. Young children tend to believe that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. This indicates a belief in the concept of:

a. immanent justice.

b. swift justice.

c. concrete justice.

d. authoritative justice.

33. Piaget concluded that the changes in moral reasoning in children come about through: a. authoritative parent-child relations.

b. religious and social conditioning.

c. the children’s family experiences.

d. the mutual give-and-take of peer relations.

34. According to Jean Piaget, parent-child relations are less likely to advance moral reasoning than peer relations because:

a. parents are inconsistent in delivering the consequences for broken rules.

b. peers are less likely to allow negotiation and reasoning about broken rules.

c. parents take an authoritative approach to handing down the rules.

d. peer groups immediately mete out punishments for rule breaking.

35. Which of the following approaches holds that the processes of reinforcement, punishment, and imitation explain the development of moral behavior?

a. Freud’s psychoanalytic approach

b. The evolutionary psychology approach

c. The behavioral and social cognitive approach

d. The biological approach

36. Social cognitive theory provides several important principles to help us understand moral behavior of children. Which one of the following is NOT one of those principles?

a. Moral behavior is always influenced by the situation.

b. Self-control is evidenced by the child’s ability to delay gratification.

c. Punishment will always increase modeling of moral behavior.

d. Cognitive factors are important in the development of self-control.

37. Twice each month, Gini helps to serve dinner at the “Community Table,” a program that assists homeless people in the town. She brings her two children, ages 9 and 11, with her and talks to them about the need to share time, food, and kindness with others who are less fortunate. Social cognitive theorists would say that Gini’s children:

a. are likely to develop moral behavior that includes helping others.

b. are not likely to be impacted by this as their moral behavior is modeled on peers, not parents.

c. will not benefit from these experiences until they are teens.

d. will fail to model their behavior to their mother’s unless they see some reward in it.

38. Gender _____ involves a sense of one’s own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female.

a. role

b. typing

c. identity

d. experience

39. Sets of expectations that prescribe how females and males should think, act, and feel are known as gender:

a. roles.

b. identities.

c. expectancies.

d. rules.

40. Most children know whether they are physically a girl or boy by about _____ years of age.

a. 1

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

 

 

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