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Philosophy paper. | Social Science homework help

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Are mental states identical to physical processes? Explain the disagreement between two philosophers while arguing for your thesis; one who says yes, one who says no.  Philosophers who say yes are Smart and Churchland, philosophers who say no are Gertler and Nagel.

 

Format: Papers must be 4-6 pages, have 1 inch margins, and be in 12pt Times New Roman font, double spaced, with no extra spaces between paragraphs.  Please insert page numbers into your document.  You may choose either: APA, Chicago, or MLA style for citations.  Turn in an MS Word document through the Moodle site (this uses the software Turnitin, which automatically checks for plagiarism) and bring a paper copy to class.

 

Organization: The paper should have three parts, listed below (no need for headings though). THIS IS SUPER IMPORTANT !!!!

 

Introduction:  This is typically the first paragraph.  Longer papers (10 pages and over) may have an introductory section made up of a few paragraphs.

·      In this section, you present to the reader the issue or debate your paper will address.  You will also state explicitly the position you will defend and how you will defend it. 

·      Even though this is the first paragraph the reader reads, it is often the last paragraph the writer writes or rewrites.  The reason for this is simple:  the introduction is supposed to present the reader with a bird’s eye view of the whole paper, but sometimes you will not have a clear picture of the whole paper until after you have finished it.

 

Development:  This is the main body of your paper, and it consists of all the paragraphs after the “Introduction” and before the “Conclusion.” 

·      Part 1:  To start off the development section of your paper, you will explain the background or context of the issue or debate of your paper.  To do this, you need to describe two different philosopher’s views.

·      Part 2:  After initiating the development, you will actually work on the development.  This consists of presenting your own argument about the issues.

·      Part 3:  In this section you will defend your argument by considering possible counterarguments and offering a reply.

 

Conclusion:  In this section, you explain to the reader what your paper accomplished.  You may want to hint at some future questions for research that your paper did not answer or draw a larger moral from the discussion.

 

Here is what our professor expects from a typical paper :

 

1. Start your paper with a fact or a story, not a generalization.

            e.g. “Descartes believes that the mind and body are separate.” Or “In 2011 a computer system named Watson beat both Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter on the game show Jeopardy!”  NOT “People have argued about the mind since the beginning of time.”  Avoid talking about the past like this, it is too general.

2. Show why an argument is bad; don’t just say that it is bad.

            e.g. “Turing holds that thinking is simply a matter of acting as if you are thinking.  But usually we make a distinction between acting as if you are in some mental state and actually being in that mental state.”  NOT simply “Turing’s argument is hard to believe.”

3. Do not argue from authority.

            e.g. “Thinking is a matter of neural networks connecting, according to Science magazine.”  It doesn’t matter who said this, in your paper you must give reasons for the claims you are making, so if you want to quote an outside source in this manner you must tell us the reasons that Science magazine says that thinking is a matter of neural networks connecting.   The fact that someone said this is not reason enough to believe it, even if that someone is a famous philosopher.

4. Do not rely entirely on empirical claims.

            e.g. “Studies show that depressed people have low levels of serotonin, therefore depression is identical to the physical state of low seratonin.”  This claim, if properly cited, can be used in a paper.  But a scientific study cannot be your only argument for your thesis.  You must say something more.

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July 1, 2023
    

The perspective is of a 20 year old male (My name is Johnny Andino)

Week One: Preparing for the Narrative Essay

Narrative writing tells a story. A good narrative is more than reporting what happened. It has a purpose. It takes the audience on an adventure. This is best achieved by introducing a conflict, adding tension, and building to the moment (climax) when the conflict is resolved. This week we begin our journey by taking the first steps in the writing process.

Writing Process

  • Discovery
  • Drafting
  • Revision
  • Publishing

In the discovery process, also called prewriting, we generate ideas, explore options, and gather connected thoughts to build a foundation for the essay. After generating ideas, we begin to organize by creating an outline which serves as a framework for the essay. Next, we draft the essay, presenting the ideas for the first time in a logical order with focus on our audience and purpose.

This week we will complete discovery activities and create an outline for our essay. To complete this assignment, download these instructions as a Word Document using the link above and respond to the three prompts.

What will you write?

Think of the kinds of stories you like to tell your friends or family to make them laugh or to share a tough moment or challenge you had at work or school. Consider a story you would tell in a job interview, on a first date, or the first time you met your partner’s parents. You might tell a story of something cute or or scary, or one that makes you look good, right? Choose a story that you fit into like your old sneakers, one that you know where all the dramatic turns are.

Think about it for a while. Take a walk, clear your mind, or have a cup of tea. It's important to decide on a story you are comfortable with because you'll be working with it for the next four weeks.

Before you complete the work sheet, read Chapter 6 in The Norton Sampler, pages 121- 130. Remember, the story has to be a single event--one event. “That time when I fell off the couch just now” is too short for 2-3 pages, but “My whole pregnancy” is way too long for 2-3 pages (which is 500-750 words).

Ready? Good. Now complete the attached worksheet attached (see the link at the top of this page).

WORKSHEET

Generating Ideas: What Shall I Write?

It is best to focus on an event that takes place in a short period of time. Possible topics include:

  • An event that was interesting, humorous, or embarrassing
  • Something you found especially difficult or challenging
  • A memory from your childhood that remains vivid
  • An important moment that changed your life

Part I - Exploring with Sentences

Before you begin choosing a topic, explore each possible topic by writing a sentence using the same sentence pattern as demonstrated in the example.

  • An event that was interesting, humorous, or embarrassing

Example: When the beady-eyed raccoon darted out from behind my sofa, I knew it was time to find a new apartment.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

  • Something you found especially difficult or challenging

Example: Running a marathon takes stamina, endurance, and lot of patience.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

  • A memory from your childhood that remains vivid

Example: The smell of vanilla and cinnamon brings me back to my grandmother’s kitchen.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

  • An important moment that changed your life

Example: I owe my life to a single man who changed my life: my father.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

Part 2 - Your Story Begins

Now that you have considered several possible topics, it is time to explore the topic in more depth. Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences.

My story is about__________________.

My story takes place _______________ (where).

My story takes place _______________ (when).

In the opening, _______________ happens.

The conflict in my story is___________________.

The resolution of the conflict is_______________.

The main point of the story is________________.

Part 3 - Organizing: Create an Outline

Consider your story with a beginning, middle, and end. The beginning informs the audience of the topic of the story either implicitly or explicitly. It is often best to be direct, particularly as you move forward in your studies to classes specific to your field of study. Be certain the reader has enough information to understand where you are going. The middle is where you describe the conflict and build to the climax, the moment when a decision must be made or a change occurs. In the end, the conflict is resolved, and a moment of reflection follows, often underlining the main point or theme of the story.

Complete the following:

  1. Write one sentence introducing your topic/story.
  2. Write one sentence describing the scene when the story opens.
  3. Write one sentence describing the conflict.
  4. Write one sentence sharing how the conflict is resolved.
  5. Write one sentence describing what you learned.
default image
July 1, 2023
    

The perspective is of a 20 year old male (My name is Johnny Andino)

Week One: Preparing for the Narrative Essay

Narrative writing tells a story. A good narrative is more than reporting what happened. It has a purpose. It takes the audience on an adventure. This is best achieved by introducing a conflict, adding tension, and building to the moment (climax) when the conflict is resolved. This week we begin our journey by taking the first steps in the writing process.

Writing Process

  • Discovery
  • Drafting
  • Revision
  • Publishing

In the discovery process, also called prewriting, we generate ideas, explore options, and gather connected thoughts to build a foundation for the essay. After generating ideas, we begin to organize by creating an outline which serves as a framework for the essay. Next, we draft the essay, presenting the ideas for the first time in a logical order with focus on our audience and purpose.

This week we will complete discovery activities and create an outline for our essay. To complete this assignment, download these instructions as a Word Document using the link above and respond to the three prompts.

What will you write?

Think of the kinds of stories you like to tell your friends or family to make them laugh or to share a tough moment or challenge you had at work or school. Consider a story you would tell in a job interview, on a first date, or the first time you met your partner’s parents. You might tell a story of something cute or or scary, or one that makes you look good, right? Choose a story that you fit into like your old sneakers, one that you know where all the dramatic turns are.

Think about it for a while. Take a walk, clear your mind, or have a cup of tea. It's important to decide on a story you are comfortable with because you'll be working with it for the next four weeks.

Before you complete the work sheet, read Chapter 6 in The Norton Sampler, pages 121- 130. Remember, the story has to be a single event--one event. “That time when I fell off the couch just now” is too short for 2-3 pages, but “My whole pregnancy” is way too long for 2-3 pages (which is 500-750 words).

Ready? Good. Now complete the attached worksheet attached (see the link at the top of this page).

WORKSHEET

Generating Ideas: What Shall I Write?

It is best to focus on an event that takes place in a short period of time. Possible topics include:

  • An event that was interesting, humorous, or embarrassing
  • Something you found especially difficult or challenging
  • A memory from your childhood that remains vivid
  • An important moment that changed your life

Part I - Exploring with Sentences

Before you begin choosing a topic, explore each possible topic by writing a sentence using the same sentence pattern as demonstrated in the example.

  • An event that was interesting, humorous, or embarrassing

Example: When the beady-eyed raccoon darted out from behind my sofa, I knew it was time to find a new apartment.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

  • Something you found especially difficult or challenging

Example: Running a marathon takes stamina, endurance, and lot of patience.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

  • A memory from your childhood that remains vivid

Example: The smell of vanilla and cinnamon brings me back to my grandmother’s kitchen.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

  • An important moment that changed your life

Example: I owe my life to a single man who changed my life: my father.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

Part 2 - Your Story Begins

Now that you have considered several possible topics, it is time to explore the topic in more depth. Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences.

My story is about__________________.

My story takes place _______________ (where).

My story takes place _______________ (when).

In the opening, _______________ happens.

The conflict in my story is___________________.

The resolution of the conflict is_______________.

The main point of the story is________________.

Part 3 - Organizing: Create an Outline

Consider your story with a beginning, middle, and end. The beginning informs the audience of the topic of the story either implicitly or explicitly. It is often best to be direct, particularly as you move forward in your studies to classes specific to your field of study. Be certain the reader has enough information to understand where you are going. The middle is where you describe the conflict and build to the climax, the moment when a decision must be made or a change occurs. In the end, the conflict is resolved, and a moment of reflection follows, often underlining the main point or theme of the story.

Complete the following:

  1. Write one sentence introducing your topic/story.
  2. Write one sentence describing the scene when the story opens.
  3. Write one sentence describing the conflict.
  4. Write one sentence sharing how the conflict is resolved.
  5. Write one sentence describing what you learned.
default image
July 1, 2023
    

The perspective is of a 20 year old male (My name is Johnny Andino)

Week One: Preparing for the Narrative Essay

Narrative writing tells a story. A good narrative is more than reporting what happened. It has a purpose. It takes the audience on an adventure. This is best achieved by introducing a conflict, adding tension, and building to the moment (climax) when the conflict is resolved. This week we begin our journey by taking the first steps in the writing process.

Writing Process

  • Discovery
  • Drafting
  • Revision
  • Publishing

In the discovery process, also called prewriting, we generate ideas, explore options, and gather connected thoughts to build a foundation for the essay. After generating ideas, we begin to organize by creating an outline which serves as a framework for the essay. Next, we draft the essay, presenting the ideas for the first time in a logical order with focus on our audience and purpose.

This week we will complete discovery activities and create an outline for our essay. To complete this assignment, download these instructions as a Word Document using the link above and respond to the three prompts.

What will you write?

Think of the kinds of stories you like to tell your friends or family to make them laugh or to share a tough moment or challenge you had at work or school. Consider a story you would tell in a job interview, on a first date, or the first time you met your partner’s parents. You might tell a story of something cute or or scary, or one that makes you look good, right? Choose a story that you fit into like your old sneakers, one that you know where all the dramatic turns are.

Think about it for a while. Take a walk, clear your mind, or have a cup of tea. It's important to decide on a story you are comfortable with because you'll be working with it for the next four weeks.

Before you complete the work sheet, read Chapter 6 in The Norton Sampler, pages 121- 130. Remember, the story has to be a single event--one event. “That time when I fell off the couch just now” is too short for 2-3 pages, but “My whole pregnancy” is way too long for 2-3 pages (which is 500-750 words).

Ready? Good. Now complete the attached worksheet attached (see the link at the top of this page).

WORKSHEET

Generating Ideas: What Shall I Write?

It is best to focus on an event that takes place in a short period of time. Possible topics include:

  • An event that was interesting, humorous, or embarrassing
  • Something you found especially difficult or challenging
  • A memory from your childhood that remains vivid
  • An important moment that changed your life

Part I - Exploring with Sentences

Before you begin choosing a topic, explore each possible topic by writing a sentence using the same sentence pattern as demonstrated in the example.

  • An event that was interesting, humorous, or embarrassing

Example: When the beady-eyed raccoon darted out from behind my sofa, I knew it was time to find a new apartment.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

  • Something you found especially difficult or challenging

Example: Running a marathon takes stamina, endurance, and lot of patience.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

  • A memory from your childhood that remains vivid

Example: The smell of vanilla and cinnamon brings me back to my grandmother’s kitchen.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

  • An important moment that changed your life

Example: I owe my life to a single man who changed my life: my father.

YOUR SENTENCE________________________________________

Part 2 - Your Story Begins

Now that you have considered several possible topics, it is time to explore the topic in more depth. Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences.

My story is about__________________.

My story takes place _______________ (where).

My story takes place _______________ (when).

In the opening, _______________ happens.

The conflict in my story is___________________.

The resolution of the conflict is_______________.

The main point of the story is________________.

Part 3 - Organizing: Create an Outline

Consider your story with a beginning, middle, and end. The beginning informs the audience of the topic of the story either implicitly or explicitly. It is often best to be direct, particularly as you move forward in your studies to classes specific to your field of study. Be certain the reader has enough information to understand where you are going. The middle is where you describe the conflict and build to the climax, the moment when a decision must be made or a change occurs. In the end, the conflict is resolved, and a moment of reflection follows, often underlining the main point or theme of the story.

Complete the following:

  1. Write one sentence introducing your topic/story.
  2. Write one sentence describing the scene when the story opens.
  3. Write one sentence describing the conflict.
  4. Write one sentence sharing how the conflict is resolved.
  5. Write one sentence describing what you learned.
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