1) Over a long period of time, perhaps many years, changes in real GDP come primarily from
A) upward shifts of the AS curve.
B) upward shifts of the AE curve.
C) rightward shifts of the AD curve.
D) continuous increases in potential GDP.
E) leftward shifts of the AD curve.
2) Between the years 1960 and 2011, the Canadian economy experienced growth in real GDP at an average annual rate of ________%.
A) 0.7
B) 1.2
C) 1.9
D) 3.3
E) 6.3
3) In the long run, changes in average material living standards are best shown by
A) growth in real GDP.
B) population growth.
C) growth in real per capita GDP.
D) improvements in fiscal policy.
E) improvements in monetary policy.
4) The compounding of economic growth rates means that
A) a large increase in investment today has little effect on national income over the long run.
B) small changes in sustained growth rates can have a significant impact on national income over several decades.
C) consumers should not save, given the low real returns that compounding produces.
D) a 10% annual rate of return will double an investment in less than 6 years.
E) a 2% annual growth rate of GDP will double national income in 27 years.
5) If per capita GDP in a richer country grows at a faster annual rate than in a poorer country,
A) the gap between their standards of living will widen over time.
B) the gap between their standards of living will close over time.
C) the gap between their standards of living will close over time as long as the rate of population growth is higher in the poorer country.
D) whether the gap in living standards widens or closes over time depends on the absolute size of the relative growth rates.
E) the difference in their living standards will not change over time.
6) If GDP in a richer country grows at the same annual rate as in a poorer country, the
A) gap between their standards of living will widen over time.
B) gap between their standards of living will close over time.
C) gap between their standards of living will close over time as long as the rate of population growth is lower in the poorer country.
D) gap between their standards of living will close over time as long as the rate of population growth is lower in the richer country.
E) difference in their living standards will not change over time.
7) A common measure of a country's level of productivity is
A) the average efficiency of capital.
B) the capital-output ratio.
C) output per capita.
D) output per unit of labour input.
E) per capita GDP.
8) A common measure of a country's rate of economic growth is
A) the marginal efficiency of capital.
B) the capital-output ratio.
C) the level of output per capita.
D) the change in output per capita.
E) the level of real gross domestic product.
9) Over the long term, by far the most potent force for raising average material living standards is
A) economic growth.
B) reducing inefficiencies.
C) redistributing income.
D) increasing the money supply.
E) appropriate fiscal policies.
10) If real income grows at approximately 2% per year, the number of years it will take for real income to double is approximately
A) 5.
B) 12.
C) 24.
D) 36.
E) 72.