Question :
31. _____ the tension that arises when people realize that their : 1246177
31. _____ is the tension that arises when people realize that their behavior is inconsistent with their attitudes.
A. Consensual validation
B. Cognitive dissonance
C. Risky shift
D. Deindividuation
32. When people try to confront Alfred about drinking too much alcohol, he replies, “Drinking may be harmful to my health, but I’ll die having a good time.” This statement, which is an example of self-justification, illustrates Alan’s attempt to reduce _____.
A. stereotype threat
B. cognitive dissonance
C. the self-serving bias
D. the fundamental attribution error
33. Cognitive dissonance theory states that in order to reduce dissonance, individuals _____.
A. change attitudes in order to be more popular
B. change behavior in order to be more popular
C. do not perceive a discrepancy between attitudes and behavior
D. try to align their attitudes and behavior
34. Hugh bought a new calculator at Staples for $125. One week later, he saw an ad from Wal-Mart showing the same calculator on sale for $65. Hugh said to himself, “I’m glad I got my calculator at Staples; the ones at Wal-Mart are probably defective. I don’t mind having paid more for mine.” Hugh’s statement reflects _____.
A. cognitive dissonance reduction
B. self-perception bias
C. informational influence
D. peripheral-route processing
35. _____ theory is an explanation of how behaviors influence attitudes.
A. Self-perception
B. Social identity
C. Self-serving
D. Social comparison
36. According to self-perception theory, if you’re not sure how you feel about something, how can you find out?
A. Compare yourself to others
B. Look to your emotions
C. Ask a friend
D. Look at your behavior
37. Juanita returned home after being away for several years. When she saw her father, whom she thought she disliked, she hugged him and cried. Based on her crying when she saw him, she determined that she must like him more than she thought. This is most consistent with the _____ of attitudes.
A. evolutionary theory
B. social learning theory
C. self-perception theory
D. social identity theory
38. Which of the following statements about research on persuasion is true?
A. Older people are more likely than younger people to change their attitude.
B. Television is a more powerful medium for persuasion than a printed newspaper.
C. People who have initially strong attitudes on an issue are more likely to be persuaded than those with initially weak attitudes.
D. Emotional appeals are usually not very powerful means of persuasion.
39. The elaboration likelihood model _____.
A. views people as motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior
B. explains the effects of deindividuation
C. refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others
D. identifies two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route
40. When people pay close attention to the facts, the _____ is (are) the most persuasive, but when subjects are not paying full attention, such as during a television commercial, the _____ may work better.
A. peripheral route/attractiveness of the source
B. emotional factors/attractiveness of the source
C. source’s credibility/emotional appeals
D. emotional factors/credibility of the source
