Question :
111. Which of the following theories of emotion focuses the way : 1201991
111. Which of the following theories of emotion focuses on the way that people interpret the events occurring in their environment?
A. Lazarus’s cognitive appraisal theory
B. James’s peripheral theory
C. Cannon’s central theory
D. The Schachter-Singer theory
112. Roberto tells Azzy that he feels guilty about lying to his parents about a recent speeding ticket. Azzy suggests that Roberto is experiencing that emotion because he has attached a category label (guilt) to his unpleasant feelings. He believes this kind of labeling comes from our cultural training. Azzy’s theory seems to be in agreement with _____ of emotion.
A. the conceptual act model
B. Cannon’s theory
C. James’s theory
D. the social referencing model
113. The main difference between James’s and Cannon’s theories of emotion is that
A. excitation transfer can be adequately explained only by Cannon’s theory.
B. in James’s theory, the thalamus plays a decisive role.
C. Cannon’s theory says that the brain directly creates the experience of emotion.
D. in James’s theory, cognitive appraisal of what causes one’s responses is especially important.
114. Based on research of the various theories of emotion, which of the following is not a reasonable assumption or finding?
A. The brain cannot generate emotional experience independent of physiological arousal.
B. Cognitive interpretation of bodily responses adds to emotional experience.
C. The most basic emotions probably occur directly within the brain.
D. The many shades of emotions probably arise from attributions and categorization.
115. The addition to James’s peripheral theory that is provided by the Schachter-Singer theory is
A. very minor—they are essentially the same theory.
B. the interpretation of the bodily responses.
C. the social-referencing phenomenon.
D. the adrenal medulla as the initiator of emotional experience.
116. In humans, what plays the primary role in communicating emotions?
A. Verbal statements
B. Cultural norms and taboos
C. Facial movements and expression
D. Body positioning and movement
117. In October, Emil decides to carve a pumpkin to look as scary as possible. In order for people from many different cultures to recognize his pumpkin as threatening, Emil should use
A. diagonal and triangular elements.
B. a furrowed brow.
C. circular elements.
D. a witch hat.
118. According to Darwin, emotional expression is important because it
A. communicates important information to other people.
B. causes our brain to prepare our body for action in frightening situations.
C. masks our true feelings from others.
D. causes blood to flow to the appropriate parts of the brain.
119. Which of the following statements best supports facial expressions of emotion as being innate?
A. Infants soon begin to imitate the facial expressions of those around them.
B. The pattern of facial movements we call a “smile” is universally related to positive emotions.
C. When playing some games of chance, many people master the skill of hiding their emotions from the other players.
D. Sticking your tongue out at someone means surprise in China and resentment in North America.
120. The fact that people all over the world seem to associate a smile with positive emotions provides support for the _____ aspects of the expression of emotions. On the other hand, the diversity of types of smiles supports the _____ aspects of the expression of emotion.
A. social; innate
B. innate; social
C. learned; innate
D. learned; social
121. Blind infants tend to show the same facial expressions as do sighted infants, but as blind infants grow older, their expressions become less animated. This indicates that facial expressions
A. are innate.
B. are learned.
C. may be innate but are maintained by operant shaping.
D. are the result of imitation.
122. Daniel has a new job. At his first meeting with his new co-workers, someone calls the boss the “old man.” Daniel is not sure if this remark is meant as an insult or a joke, but when he sees the boss and the others all smiling and laughing, he realizes that the remark was friendly kidding. Daniel’s realization best illustrates
A. Darwin’s theory of emotion.
B. social comparison.
C. the facial feedback hypothesis.
D. social referencing.
123. You are at a restaurant trying to figure out what to order for dessert. You mention fruit cobbler to the waitress, and she grimaces. You then mention cheesecake, and she smiles, so you decide to order cheesecake. You relied on _____ to make your decision.
A. social referencing
B. facial feedback
C. attribution style
D. excitation-transfer
124. Tim just received his driver’s license. On his way back from the Department of Motor Vehicles, Tim swerves to avoid a squirrel and smashes into a mailbox. Tim doesn’t know how to react until he looks at his dad, who is laughing. Tim starts laughing in response. Tim’s behavior is an example of
A. facial feedback.
B. social referencing.
C. attribution.
D. transferred excitation.
125. Many boys in the United States are taught that they should not cry or show affection toward other boys. Such “rules” about what emotions are appropriate and when they are allowed are examples of
A. social referencing.
B. the facial feedback hypothesis.
C. a Duchenne emotion.
D. emotion culture.
