Question : 41. As a teenager, Jill, while sitting at a bus : 1182099

 

41. As a teenager, Jill, while sitting at a bus stop, realized that a large spider was on her leg; she then darted away from the bus stop but was hit in the head by a bottle that someone had been throwing into a nearby trashcan. Even though Jill doesn’t have a fear of bottles, she vehemently fears spiders. This example specifically illustrates ________.

a) delayed conditioning

b) contrapreparedness

c) conditioned emotional response

d) avoidance learning

42. When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food, in this case), the CR will “die out” in a process called ______________.

a) CR fading

b) extinction

c) habituation

d) generalization fading

43. The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called ______.

a) counterconditioning

b) instinctive drift

c) spontaneous recovery

d) stimulus discrimination

44. An animal is conditioned to salivate to a bell using Pavlovian procedures. After the conditioning is established, the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears. Then the animal is removed from the test situation for several days. When returned to the test situation, the conditioned response is seen again. The effect is known as ________.

a) spontaneous recovery

b) higher-order conditioning

c) extinction

d) stimulus generalization

45. Spontaneous recovery immediately follows which of the following?

a) extinction

b) acquisition

c) rest period

d) trace conditioning

46. The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called _____________.

a) stimulus generalization

b) stimulus adaptation

c) response generalization

d) transfer of habit strength

47. The fact that you prefer blondes because your last love interest was a blonde best illustrates ________.

a) stimulus generalization

b) generalization gradient

c) stimulus discrimination

d) discrimination gradient

48. What would you predict about Little Albert based on the principle of spontaneous recovery?

a) Even after his fear of a rat was extinguished, the fear could come back.

b) After his fear of loud noises was extinguished, the fear could come back.

c) His fear of rats would disappear if he saw a rat without hearing a loud noise.

d) His fear of loud noises would disappear if he heard a loud noise without a rat present.

49. After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not _____________________ had occurred.

a) behavior modification

b) stimulus discrimination

c) extinction

d) stimulus generalization

50. Some researchers believe that classical conditioning takes place only because ________.

a) the pairing of the CS and US doesn’t provide useful information about the likelihood of occurrence of the US

b) the pairing of the CS and UR provides useful information about the likelihood of occurrence of the CS

c) the pairing of the CS and US provides useful information about the likelihood of occurrence of the US

d) the pairing of the US and UR provides information about the likelihood of occurrence of the US

 

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