Question :
61.Alfonsohasnoticedthatincreasesinunemploymentinsuranceclaimsareassociatedwithrecessions,andthereforeheadvocateslimitsonunemploymentinsurancesoastopreventrecessions.Maryhasnoticedthatmostdrugaddictsonceattendedschools : 1261930
61.Alfonsohasnoticedthatincreasesinunemploymentinsuranceclaimsareassociatedwithrecessions,andthereforeheadvocateslimitsonunemploymentinsurancesoastopreventrecessions.Maryhasnoticedthatmostdrugaddictsonceattendedschools,andthereforesheadvocatesgettingridofschoolssoastopreventdrugaddiction.
a.ThereasoningofbothAlfonsoandMarysuffersfromtheomittedvariableproblem.
b.ThereasoningofbothAlfonsoandMarysuffersfromthereversecausalityproblem.
c.Alfonso’sreasoningsuffersfromthereversecausalityproblem,andMary’sreasoningsuffersfromtheomittedvariableproblem.
d.Mary’sreasoningsuffersfromthereversecausalityproblem,andAlfonso’sreasoningsuffersfromtheomittedvariableproblem.
62.Intheearly19thcentury,theRussiangovernmentsentdoctorstosouthernRussianvillagestoprovideassistanceduringacholeraepidemic.Thevillagersnoticedthatwhereverdoctorsappeared,peopledied.Therefore,manydoctorswerechasedawayfromvillages,andsomewereevenkilled.Thisreactiontothecorrelationbetweendoctorsanddeathsismostlikelyaproblemof
a.omittedvariables.
b.reversecausality.
c.governmentpropaganda.
d.medicalincompetence.
63.Theargumentthatpurchasesofminivanscauselargefamiliesisanexampleof
a.omittedvariables.
b.normativestatements.
c.reversecausality.
d.bias.
Figure2-19
Inthefollowinggraphthex-axisshowsthenumberoftimesacommuterrailtrainstopsatastationperhourandthey-axisshowsthenumberofcommuterrailpassengersperhour.
CommuterRailPassengersbyFrequencyofService
64.RefertoFigure2-19.Whichofthefollowingconclusionsshouldnotbedrawnfromobservingthisgraph?
a.Thereisapositivecorrelationbetweenthefrequencyofserviceandthenumberofpassengers.
b.Whenthereare5stopsperhour,thereareapproximately200passengers.
c.Morestopsperhourisassociatedwithmorepassengersperhour.
d.Nootherfactorsbesidesthefrequencyofserviceaffectthenumberofpassengers.
65.RefertoFigure2-19.Apolicymakerobservesthisgraphandconcludesthatincreasingthefrequencyofcommuterrailserviceisacertainwaytogetmorecommuterstochoosethecommuterrailinsteadofdrivingtheirowncars.Youwarnthepolicymakeraboutmakingareversecausalitymistakewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?
a.Highergaspricesarecausingmorepeopletochoosethecommuterrailoverdriving.
b.Theservicefrequencywasincreasedinresponsetoanincreaseinthenumberofpassengersperhour.
c.Thereisapositiverelationshipbetweenfrequencyofstopsandnumberofpassengers.
d.Noneoftheaboveiscorrect.
Figure2-20
RelationshipBetweenYearsofEducationandAnnualIncome
66.RefertoFigure2-20.Thegraphaboveisa
a.bargraph
b.scatterplot
c.piechart
d.timeseriesanalysis
67.RefertoFigure2-20.Accordingtothegraph,thecorrelationbetweenyearsofeducationandannualincomeis
a.positive
b.negative
c.inverse
d.normative
68.RefertoFigure2-20.SenatorSmithobservesthegraphandconcludesthatpeoplewhoearnhigherincomesattendschoolformoreyears.SenatorJonesobservesthegraphandconcludesthatpeoplewhoattendschoolformoreyearsearnhigherincomes.Whoiscorrect?
a.SenatorSmithiscorrect.
b.SenatorJonesiscorrect.
c.Itisdifficulttosaywhichsenatormightbecorrectduetothereversecausalityproblem.
d.Itisdifficulttosaywhichsenatormightbecorrectduetoomittedvariablebias.
69.Intheorderedpair(3,6),3isthe
a.x-coordinate.
b.y-coordinate.
c.origin.
d.slope.
70.Betweenthetwoorderedpairs(3,6)and(7,18),theslopeisa.1/3
b.-1/3.
c.3.
d.-3.
Figure2-21
71.RefertoFigure2-21.Accordingtothegraph,snowstorms
a.andsnowblowerssoldarepositivelycorrelated.
b.andsnowblowerssoldarenegativelycorrelated
c.andsnowblowerssoldareuncorrelated.
d.arecausedbymoresnowblowersbeingsold.
72.RefertoFigure2-21.YourfriendJohncreatedthegraphabovetoillustratethatsnowstormsarecausedbymoresnowblowersbeingsold.Youinformhimthathisinterpretationisincorrectdueto
a.omittedvariablebias.
b.reversecausality.
c.slopemismatch.
d.shiftingversusmovingalongacurve.
73.RefertoFigure2-21.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeanomittedvariableinthegraph?
a.thepriceofsnowblowers
b.achangeinconsumers’incomes
c.achangeintheseasons
d.Alloftheabovearecorrect.
