Question :
31.
Last week, Mike heard about five separate airplane crashes the : 1233712
31.
Last week, Mike heard about five separate airplane crashes on the news. Even though, in general, motorcycle accidents account for more accidents than plane crashes do, Mike decides to ride his motorcycle from Washington to Atlanta instead of flying. Which bias is reflected in Mike’s decision?
A.
The availability heuristic
B.
Confirmation bias
C.
Syllogistic error
D.
The representativeness heuristic
32.
Joanne does not go out at night because she hears from her local news station about the large number of muggings and robberies that occur in her city. However, crime in Joanne’s city has actually gone down in the past few years. Joanne falling victim to:
A.
the representativeness heuristic.
B.
functional fixedness.
C.
the availability heuristic.
D.
confirmation bias.
33.
“You always clam up when I ask you what’s wrong,” Iris tells her boyfriend. Iris is probably making this frequency judgment because she can remember a few times that her boyfriend would not tell her what was bothering him. Iris is using the _____ heuristic.
A.
representativeness
B.
availability
C.
functional
D.
frequency
34.
In a(n) _____ heuristic, known items are seen as superior to those that are unknown.
A.
representativeness
B.
availability
C.
functional
D.
familiarity
35.
When you go to the supermarket, you see the brand of cookies you usually buy, and settle for it. Usually it is a good rule of thumb because it saves a lot of time. You do not ponder over every type of cookie available in the store. This is an example of a(n) _____.
A.
representativeness heuristic
B.
syllogistic reasoning
C.
algorithm
D.
familiarity heuristic
36.
_____ intelligence is the field that examines how to use technology to imitate the outcome of human thinking, problem solving, and creative activities.
A.
Artificial
B.
Bodily-kinesthetic
C.
Spatial
D.
Existential
37.
Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of the three broad phases of the problem-solving process, from first to last?
A.
Preparation ? judgment ? production
B.
Judgment ? production ? preparation
C.
Preparation ? production ? judgment
D.
Judgment ? preparation ? production
38.
In _____ problems, the nature of the problem and the information needed to solve it are clear. In _____ problems, either or both the nature of the problem and the information required to solve it are unclear.
A.
well-defined; ill-defined
B.
algorithmic; heuristic
C.
arrangement; inducing structure
D.
transformation; arrangement
39.
Which of the following is an ill-defined problem?
A.
Navigating to a museum in a nearby city
B.
Composing a good concerto
C.
Finding out where several well-known authors were born
D.
Playing Scrabble
40.
“Convert to a mixed numeral: 18/5,” states one problem in a fifth-grader’s arithmetic text. This is a(n) _____ problem. It is best solved through the application of _____.
A.
well-defined; algorithms
B.
well-defined; heuristics
C.
ill-defined; algorithms
D.
ill-defined; heuristics
