Question : 51. According to Thorndike’s law of effect _____. A. species-specific biological predispositions favor : 1246272

 

 

51. According to Thorndike’s law of effect _____. 
A. species-specific biological predispositions favor some learning styles over others
B. behaviors followed by desirable outcomes are strengthened and behaviors followed by undesirable outcomes are weakened
C. negative behaviors can be easily extinguished through classical conditioning
D. an organism will recover a previously conditioned response when placed in a novel context.

52. Which of the following statements about B.F. Skinner is false? 
A. Skinner conducted many of his studies with animals as opposed to human subjects.
B. Skinner made every effort to study organisms under precisely controlled conditions.
C. Skinner believed that the mechanisms of learning among humans are different than the mechanisms of learning among animals.
D. During World War II, Skinner carried out an unusual study that involved a pigeon-guided missile.

53. Some bears kept in the zoo allow veterinarians to routinely give them total body checkups. These bears open their mouths for teeth cleaning and present their paws for nail clipping. Your friend wonders how anyone could ever get these dangerous animals to be so cooperative without anesthesia. You, however, a psychology student, quickly surmise that the bears had undergone _____. 
A. discovery learning
B. classical conditioning
C. secondary reinforcement
D. operant conditioning

54. _____ refers to rewarding approximations of a desired behavior. 
A. Generalization
B. Extinction
C. Contiguity
D. Shaping

55. In the Water Kingdom Amusement Park, when two sea lions throw and catch balls on their nose, they are rewarded with fish—mainly herring and salmon—every time after their act. The sea lions have been trained to perform this behavior through _____. 
A. generalization
B. shaping
C. contiguity
D. extinction

56. The process by which a stimulus or event following a particular behavior increases the probability that the behavior will happen again is called _____. 
A. generalization
B. extinction
C. reinforcement
D. specialization

57. The presentation of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior is called _____. 
A. negative reinforcement
B. positive reinforcement
C. positive punishment
D. negative punishment

58. The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior is called _____. 
A. negative reinforcement
B. positive reinforcement
C. positive punishment
D. negative punishment

59. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? 
A. Martha’s mother took her shopping after she got a low SAT score. Martha performed well next time.
B. Waking up a few seconds before your alarm clock goes off in order to avoid the obnoxious alarm sound.
C. Juan’s mother told him that she would give him $10 if he mowed the lawn. Next day, the entire lawn was mowed and even the plants were watered.
D. Exercising less after running a mini marathon.

60. Which of the following is the best example of negative reinforcement? 
A. Chase’s mom spanked him for hitting his little brother. Chase now hits his brother less frequently.
B. Jeremy’s mom grounded him for not doing his homework. Now he rarely forgets to complete his assignments on time.
C. Abby’s mother constantly told her to water the plants in the lawn. She eventually complied and did what her mother wanted her to so that her mother doesn’t tell her the same thing again.
D. Chad’s new teacher gives him a prize box toy for every five books that he reads. He now reads more frequently than he used to.

 

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