Question :
21. Lori and Monica looking at the cans of coffee display : 1252928
21. Lori and Monica are looking at the cans of coffee on display at a local supermarket. They are trying to decide which of two different-sized cans is the better buy. Lori attempts to divide the price of each can by the number of ounces of coffee each _____ contains. Monica suggests that “the larger size is usually a better buy”. Lori is using a(n); Monica, a(n) _____.
A. heuristic; algorithm
B. algorithm; heuristic
C. prototype; algorithm
D. heuristic; prototype
22. The _____ is a rule we apply when we judge people by the degree to which they depict a certain category or group of people.
A. availability heuristic
B. representativeness heuristic
C. confirmation bias
D. stereotypic bias
23. When you use the representativeness heuristic, you are:
A. making frequency estimates based on the ease with which things come to mind.
B. overcoming a mental set.
C. mistaking visual images and other forms of mental representations for reality.
D. assuming that something is typical of its class.
24. Suppose you meet a woman who opposes the death penalty. You then decide that, generally, women are more likely to oppose the death penalty than are men. That is, you assume that the individual case is depictive of its category. Here you have fallen prey to:
A. functional fixedness.
B. the representativeness heuristic.
C. the availability heuristic.
D. the confirmation bias.
25. Carl is the one person Craig has ever met from New Zealand. Carl strikes Craig as being quite friendly and funny. When asked what he would expect to find if he went to New Zealand, Craig says that he would expect the people to be quite friendly and funny. What might he have used to make this judgment?
A. The representativeness heuristic
B. The confirmation bias
C. Functional fixedness
D. The availability heuristic
26. The _____ heuristic involves judging the probability of an event on the basis of how easily the event can be recalled from memory.
A. availability
B. representativeness
C. confirmation
D. frequency
27. According to the _____ heuristic we assume that events we remember easily are likely to have occurred more frequently in the past—and are more likely to occur in the future—than events that are harder to remember.
A. availability
B. representativeness
C. confirmation
D. frequency
28. Following the September 11, 2001, Twin Towers attacks, many Americans elected to drive rather than fly. The media coverage of the hijackings caused Americans to overestimate the danger of flying. As it was an event they remember easily they assumed it could occur more frequently. This example illustrates the:
A. availability heuristic.
B. representativeness heuristic.
C. confirmation bias.
D. stereotypic bias.
29. When people are asked which is more common, death by homicide or death by stroke, they often choose homicide because they simply hear more about murders than they do about strokes. In this instance, people are led astray in their judgments by:
A. the representativeness heuristic.
B. the stereotypic bias.
C. the confirmation bias.
D. the availability heuristic.
30. Last week, Mike heard about five separate airplane crashes on the news. Even though, overall, motorcycle accidents account for more accidents than plane crashes do, Mike decides to ride his motorcycle from Washington to Atlanta instead of flying. Which bias is reflected in Mike’s decision?
A. The availability heuristic
B. The confirmation bias
C. The syllogistic error
D. The representativeness heuristic
