Question :
21.According to the study by Gendreau et al. (2001), which : 1256230
21.According to the study by Gendreau et al. (2001), which examined the effectiveness of community-based sanctions and incarceration, the only two sanctions that were found to decrease recidivism were:
a.prison and electronic monitoring
b.restitution and supervision programs
c.fines and electronic monitoring
d.restitution and fines
e.prison and supervision programs
22.According to your textbook, which of the following is an example of a criminogenic need?
a.an offender’s self-esteem
b.childhood sexual abuse
c.age at first offence
d.socioeconomic status
e.antisocial attitudes
23.Johnny is a low-risk offender. According to the risk principle, what is likely to happen if he is exposed to very intense prison-based interventions?
a.His risk of recidivism is likely to decrease dramatically.
b.His risk of recidivism is likely to decrease slightly.
c.His risk of recidivism is likely to remain the same.
d.His risk of recidivism is likely to increase.
e.He will definitely recidivate upon release from prison.
24.Rob is illiterate and English is his second language. When he is sentenced to incarceration, he is given treatment that requires him to read treatment-related books written in English before each of his counselling sessions. This is a violation of what principle of effective correctional treatment?
a.the need principle
b.the risk principle
c.the responsivity principle
d.the rehabilitative principle
e.the specificity principle
25.In 1899, Sir Wilfrid Laurier was responsible for the introduction of ______________ in Canada.
a.parole
b.probation
c.conditional sentencing
d.restitution
e.imprisonment
26.Which of the following statements is true concerning parole in Canada?
a.Most offenders released on parole are convicted of new crimes.
b.Parole reduces the sentence imposed by the courts.
c.An offender’s expression of remorse is the most important factor taken into account when decisions are made about parole.
d.The National Parole Board denies full parole to over half of offenders at their first parole review date.
e.Victims do not have role in the parole process.
27.Typically in Canada, an incarcerated offender is first eligible for parole after having served ___________ of his/her sentence.
a.one-quarter
b.one-third
c.half
d.two-thirds
e.three-quarters
28.When making a decision about whether to grant an offender parole, the National Parole Board takes into account:
a.opinions from police officers
b.the offender’s mental status
c.the offender’s employment history
d.information from victims
e.all of the above
29.The first type of release an offender is typically granted is:
a.day parole
b.full parole
c.statutory release
d.temporary absence
e.partial parole
30.By law, most federal inmates must be granted ____________ after serving ________ of their sentence.
a.temporary absence/one-third
b.temporary absence/half
c.statutory release/two-thirds
d.statutory release/three-quarters
e.none of the above
31.Generally, offenders granted ________ are less likely to breach their parole conditions than those granted ___________.
a.statutory release/full parole
b.statutory release/day parole
c.statutory release/temporary absence
d.day parole/statutory release
e.none of the above
32.The most common manner of examining public attitudes toward sentencing and parole is through:
a.simulation studies
b.focus groups
c.public opinion surveys
d.field studies
e.none of the above
33.Which of the following is not true concerning results found from public opinion surveys examining public attitudes toward sentencing and parole?
a.Canadians believe offenders are treated too harshly.
b.Canadians support alternatives to prison under certain circumstances.
c.Canadians have more confidence in the courts than they do in the police.
d.both a and c
e.both a and b
34.According to recent opinion polls, the criminal justice institution in which the Canadian public tends to have most confidence is:
a.the police
b.the federal government
c.the National Parole Board
d.the supreme court
e.the provincial courts
