Question :
71. A frog-jumping race coming up in a week, and you : 1201955
71. A frog-jumping race is coming up in a week, and you want to train your frog to jump as frequently as possible to win the race. Which schedule of reinforcement should you use in order to train your frog as quickly as possible?
A. Fixed ratio
B. Fixed interval
C. Variable ratio
D. Variable interval
72. Fred was tired of hearing two-year-old Pebbles cry whenever she did not get her way. Fred decided to ignore Pebbles anytime she had a crying outburst. Over the course of several weeks, the frequency of outbursts decreased and eventually ceased. What operant conditioning process was Fred utilizing?
A. Shaping
B. Negative reinforcement
C. Second order
D. Extinction
73. Abhijeet is trying to figure out how to reward his sister for completing her chores. In his reading, he learns about the process of extinction in reward programs. Specifically, he reads that extinction will be most rapid after the cessation of a _____ reinforcement schedule.
A. variable-ratio
B. variable-interval
C. partial
D. continuous
74. Serena is praised for every art project she brings home from school. Once this kind of continuous reinforcement is discontinued, we can predict that Serena’s reinforced behavior will extinguish
A. for a time and then start again.
B. intermittently.
C. rapidly.
D. slowly.
75. Art has doting parents who praise him every time he sits down and studies. Ben has parents who praise him every now and then when he studies. A learning theorist would predict that if both sets of parents stopped giving encouragement for studying, _____ would continue studying longer because behaviors rewarded on a _____ schedule persist longer.
A. Art; partial
B. Art; continuous
C. Ben; partial
D. Ben; continuous
76. The boy who jokingly “cried wolf” warned townspeople of the presence of a wolf when none was in fact present. Later, a wolf did appear, but the boy’s cries of warnings were ignored. What process explains why no one came to his aid?
A. Backward acquisition
B. Reconditioning
C. Extinction
D. Discrimination
77. Frankie is a cat who likes to climb on curtains. Frankie’s owner is tired of his curtains being ruined by the cat, so he decides to stop this behavior by squirting Frankie with a water gun every time the cat goes near the curtains. This is an example of
A. shaping.
B. punishment.
C. negative reinforcement.
D. positive reinforcement.
78. Your favorite kitten bites and scratches you whenever you try to brush it. After several days of this, you give up trying to brush it. What technique of operant conditioning is your kitten using on you?
A. Punishment
B. Positive reinforcement
C. Negative reinforcement
D. Systematic desensitization
79. Keleka’s parents often deal with her misbehavior by not allowing her to watch her favorite TV program, Speed Racer. Marnie’s parents deal with Marnie’s misbehavior by spanking her. Keleka’s parents are using _____, and Marnie’s parents are using _____.
A. punishment; negative reinforcement
B. escape conditioning; avoidance conditioning
C. negative reinforcement; punishment
D. punishment; punishment
80. Ludwig spilled his cup of juice onto the floor three times, which upset him because he loves his juice. His mother became upset and did not allow him to have juice for a week. As a result, the next time Ludwig’s mom gave him a glass of juice, he was very careful not to spill it. Ludwig’s behavior changed because he encountered
A. a conditioned stimulus.
B. avoidance conditioning.
C. negative reinforcement.
D. a penalty.
