Question 1 the difference between total sales in dollars and total

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Question 1

The difference between total sales in dollars and total variable expenses is called:

A. net operating income.

B. net profit.

C. the gross margin.

D. the contribution margin.

Question 2

With regard to the CVP graph, which of the following statements is not correct?

A. The CVP graph assumes that volume is the only factor affecting total cost.

B. The CVP graph assumes that selling prices do not change.

C. The CVP graph assumes that variable costs go down as volume goes up.

D. The CVP graph assumes that fixed expenses are constant in total within the relevant range.

Question 3

Which of the following formulas is used to calculate the contribution margin ratio?

A. (Sales – Fixed expenses)  Sales

B. (Sales – Cost of goods sold)  Sales

C. (Sales – Variable expenses)  Sales

D. (Sales – Total expenses)  Sales

Question 4

The break-even point in unit sales is found by dividing total fixed expenses by:

A. the contribution margin ratio.

B. the variable expenses per unit.

C. the sales price per unit.

D. the contribution margin per unit.

Question 5

Break-even analysis assumes that:

A. total costs are constant.

B. the average fixed expense per unit is constant.

C. the average variable expense per unit is constant.

D. variable expenses are nonlinear.

Question 6

The break-even point in unit sales increases when variable expenses:

A. increase and the selling price remains unchanged.

B. decrease and the selling price remains unchanged.

C. decrease and the selling price increases.

D. remain unchanged and the selling price increases.

Question 7

The margin of safety percentage is computed as:

A. Break-even sales  Total sales.

B. Total sales – Break-even sales.

C. (Total sales – Break-even sales)  Break-even sales.

D. (Total sales – Break-even sales)  Total sales.

Question 8

The degree of operating leverage can be calculated as:

A. contribution margin divided by sales.

B. gross margin divided by net operating income.

C. net operating income divided by sales.

D. contribution margin divided by net operating income.

Question 9

Which of the following are considered to be product costs under variable costing?

I. Variable manufacturing overhead.

II. Fixed manufacturing overhead.

III. Selling and administrative expenses.

A. I.

B. I and II.

C. I and III.

D. I, II, and III.

Question 10

Which of the following are considered to be product costs under absorption costing?

I. Variable manufacturing overhead.

II. Fixed manufacturing overhead.

III. Selling and administrative expenses.

A. I, II, and III.

B. I and II.

C. I and III.

D. I.

Question 11

Under variable costing, costs that are treated as period costs include:

A. only fixed manufacturing costs.

B. both variable and fixed manufacturing costs.

C. all fixed costs.

D. only fixed selling and administrative costs.

Question 12

A company using lean production methods likely would show approximately the same net operating income under both absorption and variable costing because:

A. ending inventory would be valued in the same manner for both methods under lean production.

B. production is geared to sales under lean production and thus there would be little or no ending inventory.

C. under lean production fixed manufacturing overhead costs are charged to the period incurred rather than to the product produced.

D. there is no distinction made under lean production between fixed and variable costs.

Question 13

A common cost that should not be assigned to a particular product on a segmented income statement is:

A. the product’s advertising costs.

B. the salary of the corporation president.

C. direct materials costs.

D. the product manager’s salary.

Question 14

Personnel administration is an example of (an):

A. Unit-level activity.

B. Batch-level activity.

C. Product-level activity.

D. Organization-sustaining activity.

Question 15

Which of the following activities would be classified as a batch-level activity?

A. Setting up equipment.

B. Designing a new product.

C. Training employees.

D. Milling a part required for the final product.

Question 16

A duration driver is:

A. A simple count of the number of times an activity occurs.

B. An activity measure that is used for the life of the company.

C. A measure of the amount of time required to perform an activity.

D. An activity measure that is used for the life of an activity-based costing system.

Question 17

A transaction driver is:

A. An event that causes a transaction to begin.

B. A measure of the amount of time required to perform an activity.

C. An event that causes a transaction to end.

D. A simple count of the number of times an activity occurs.

Question 18

Designing a new product is an example of (an):

A. Unit-level activity.

B. Batch-level activity.

C. Product-level activity.

D. Organization-sustaining activity.

Question 19

Property taxes are an example of a cost that would be considered to be:

A. Unit-level.

B. Batch-level.

C. Product-level.

D. Organization-sustaining.

Question 20

Unit-level activities are performed each time a unit is produced.

True

False

Question 21

Organization-sustaining activities are activities of the general organization that support specific products.

True

False

Question 22

Costs classified as batch-level costs should depend on the number of batches processed rather than on the number of units produced, the number of units sold, or other measures of volume.

True

False

Question 23

Customer-level activities relate to specific customers and are not tied to any specific products.

True

False

Question 24

Managing and sustaining product diversity requires many more overhead resources such as production schedulers and product design engineers than managing and sustaining a single product. The costs of these resources can be accurately allocated to products on the basis of direct labor-hours.

True

False

Question 25

Activity-based costing is a costing method that is designed to provide managers with product cost information for external financial reports.

True

False

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July 1, 2023

Smart Grid

Abstract

The poster we create will be divided into four sections.

First, the poster will have an overview and basic information about what a smart grids are, as well as diagrams and images of existing smart grid technologies. Here we will also cover the importance of a smart grid.

In the second sections we will list three major examples of smart grids, and their different technologies. This will include location and efficiency, with a focus on ranking the grids by efficiency and explaining why some may be better than others.
The third section will discuss the economic, and environmental impact of smart grids. We will include cost of implementation and overall economic efficiency in the long term. Finally, we will weigh different technologies by economic and environmental costs.
Our final section will summarise the future of smart grids, including new research and implementations to improve efficiency.

Group Plan

Overview/what is a Smart Grid - Connor
1. What is a smart grid?
  1. A smart grid is digital technology that allows a 2 way connection between the utility and its customers. Smart grids digitally allow users to see the use on energy in real time to help the change the flow in real time to what is needed at the time.
2. What does it do?
  1. A smart grid makes energy transmission more effective. Allows for quicker action when power goes out for any reason. Lowers energy costs for all parties because they know exactly how much needs to be used and there is no overflow. Help incorporate large sustainable energy systems. And better incorporates user sustainable energy or generator systems.
3. https://www.kfw.de/stories/kfw/stories/environment/renewable-energy/smart-grids-intelligentes-stromnetz/
4. https://www.digitaltrends.com/home/austin-texas-smart-city-technology/
Examples of Smart Grids and their Efficiency - Isaiah
Economic Impact of Smart Grids - Ahmad

The Future Of Smart Grid Technologies

By: Tyler Simon

The Future:

Imagine a world where everyone shared the same source of energy but when someone does not use the energy provided by the source it was able to go to a place where the energy was needed, this is the idea of Smart Grids. Smart Grids are large scale electric networks but instead of everyone being independent they are all connected to each other and the connected to one source that puts out all of the energy. The first step into the future of smart grid technology has already taken place with the invention of smart meters in 2009. A smart meter is a device that goes on the outside of your house and it says information to the energy company showing how much energy you use and if there is any room for cutting back and saving energy. This was a huge step and on of the first places to incorporate these smart meters was Boulder Colorado.

Image result for smart meter Image result for Boulder smart grid

The second step when creating the future would be combining transmission and distribution meaning taking all of the power lines, phone lines, and any other lines and putting them together getting roughly 10% more efficiency and cleaning up the area of all those ugly hanging lines. The end goal of smart grids it to eliminate the need for people to manage the way our energy is distributed amongst the community. The end goal according to (Michael Kanellos, Jeff St. John(2009, December 3)) Is to have a fully automated system to where if there is a fault in the system then the system will fix itself allowing the consumer to continue with their tasks. In 2016 the DOE asked for 3.4 billion to start the process of turning the United States into one big smart grid and by 2020 to have a return valued at 400 billion.

Smart Grids connect cities and make them very energy efficient with all the residence of the city sharing any unused energy making them supper cities able to operate at max efficiency without losing any quality.

Image result for future smart city

Smart cities will be all around the world and eventually all of the world will be connected through this smart grid. Everything will be connected from nuclear power plants and large office buildings to suburbs and street lights all thanks to the technology of smart grids.

Image result for future smart city graph

The future of smart grid technology is right around the corner. This change will give power to 3rd world countries and improve the efficiency of how our energy is shared amongst the community and the efficiency at which it is produced.

Sources

Isaiah Cormier
1. Niesten, Eva. “How Is Value Created and Captured in Smart Grids? A Review of the Literature and an Analysis of Pilot Projects.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Pergamon, 29 Sept. 2015, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115009740.
2. Venables, Mark. “The Inexorable Creep Towards A Smart Grid Being Driven By Software Solutions.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 19 July 2018, www.forbes.com/sites/markvenables/2018/07/19/the-inexorable-creep-towards-a-smart-grid-being-driven-by-software-solutions/#24bb297c62dd.
3. “10 Best Smart Grid Solution Providers - 2017.” Energy CIO Insights, 2017, smart-grid.energycioinsights.com/vendors/best-smart-grid-solution-providers-2017.html.
Connor Black

What is the Smart Grid? (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2018, from https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/smart_grid.html

Data Analytics: From Smart Meters to Smart Decisions. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2018, from https://www.exponent.com/knowledge/alerts/2018/02/data-analytics-smart-meters

Lallanilla, M. (2013, December 13). What is a Smart Grid. Retrieved October 15, 2018, from https://www.livescience.com/41920-smart-grid.html

(Unknown author)(n.d)The future of smart grids retrieved October 15, 2009 Engineeringonline.edu

Fadaeenjad, M.(January, 2014). The present and future of smart grid technology retrieved October 15, 2009

Sciencedirect.com

Michael Kanellos, Jeff St. John(2009, December 3) The past and future of smart grid technologies. Retrieved October 15,2018

Greentechmedia.com

- Connolly, D., Lund, H., & Mathiesen, B. V. (2016). Smart Energy Europe: The technical and economic impact of one potential 100% renewable energy scenario for the European Union. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 1634-1653.
- Siano, P. (2014). Demand response and smart grids—A survey. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 30, 461-478.
- Verbong, G. P., Beemsterboer, S., & Sengers, F. (2013). Smart grids or smart users? Involving users in developing a low carbon electricity economy. Energy Policy, 52, 117-125.

July 1, 2023

Smart Grid

Abstract

The poster we create will be divided into four sections.

First, the poster will have an overview and basic information about what a smart grids are, as well as diagrams and images of existing smart grid technologies. Here we will also cover the importance of a smart grid.

In the second sections we will list three major examples of smart grids, and their different technologies. This will include location and efficiency, with a focus on ranking the grids by efficiency and explaining why some may be better than others.
The third section will discuss the economic, and environmental impact of smart grids. We will include cost of implementation and overall economic efficiency in the long term. Finally, we will weigh different technologies by economic and environmental costs.
Our final section will summarise the future of smart grids, including new research and implementations to improve efficiency.

Group Plan

Overview/what is a Smart Grid - Connor
1. What is a smart grid?
  1. A smart grid is digital technology that allows a 2 way connection between the utility and its customers. Smart grids digitally allow users to see the use on energy in real time to help the change the flow in real time to what is needed at the time.
2. What does it do?
  1. A smart grid makes energy transmission more effective. Allows for quicker action when power goes out for any reason. Lowers energy costs for all parties because they know exactly how much needs to be used and there is no overflow. Help incorporate large sustainable energy systems. And better incorporates user sustainable energy or generator systems.
3. https://www.kfw.de/stories/kfw/stories/environment/renewable-energy/smart-grids-intelligentes-stromnetz/
4. https://www.digitaltrends.com/home/austin-texas-smart-city-technology/
Examples of Smart Grids and their Efficiency - Isaiah
Economic Impact of Smart Grids - Ahmad

The Future Of Smart Grid Technologies

By: Tyler Simon

The Future:

Image result for smart meter Image result for Boulder smart grid

Image result for future smart city

Image result for future smart city graph

Sources

Isaiah Cormier
1. Niesten, Eva. “How Is Value Created and Captured in Smart Grids? A Review of the Literature and an Analysis of Pilot Projects.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Pergamon, 29 Sept. 2015, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115009740.
2. Venables, Mark. “The Inexorable Creep Towards A Smart Grid Being Driven By Software Solutions.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 19 July 2018, www.forbes.com/sites/markvenables/2018/07/19/the-inexorable-creep-towards-a-smart-grid-being-driven-by-software-solutions/#24bb297c62dd.
3. “10 Best Smart Grid Solution Providers - 2017.” Energy CIO Insights, 2017, smart-grid.energycioinsights.com/vendors/best-smart-grid-solution-providers-2017.html.
Connor Black

What is the Smart Grid? (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2018, from https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/smart_grid.html

Data Analytics: From Smart Meters to Smart Decisions. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2018, from https://www.exponent.com/knowledge/alerts/2018/02/data-analytics-smart-meters

Lallanilla, M. (2013, December 13). What is a Smart Grid. Retrieved October 15, 2018, from https://www.livescience.com/41920-smart-grid.html

(Unknown author)(n.d)The future of smart grids retrieved October 15, 2009 Engineeringonline.edu

Fadaeenjad, M.(January, 2014). The present and future of smart grid technology retrieved October 15, 2009

Sciencedirect.com

Michael Kanellos, Jeff St. John(2009, December 3) The past and future of smart grid technologies. Retrieved October 15,2018

Greentechmedia.com

- Connolly, D., Lund, H., & Mathiesen, B. V. (2016). Smart Energy Europe: The technical and economic impact of one potential 100% renewable energy scenario for the European Union. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 1634-1653.
- Siano, P. (2014). Demand response and smart grids—A survey. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 30, 461-478.
- Verbong, G. P., Beemsterboer, S., & Sengers, F. (2013). Smart grids or smart users? Involving users in developing a low carbon electricity economy. Energy Policy, 52, 117-125.

July 1, 2023

Smart Grid

Abstract

The poster we create will be divided into four sections.

First, the poster will have an overview and basic information about what a smart grids are, as well as diagrams and images of existing smart grid technologies. Here we will also cover the importance of a smart grid.

In the second sections we will list three major examples of smart grids, and their different technologies. This will include location and efficiency, with a focus on ranking the grids by efficiency and explaining why some may be better than others.
The third section will discuss the economic, and environmental impact of smart grids. We will include cost of implementation and overall economic efficiency in the long term. Finally, we will weigh different technologies by economic and environmental costs.
Our final section will summarise the future of smart grids, including new research and implementations to improve efficiency.

Group Plan

Overview/what is a Smart Grid - Connor
1. What is a smart grid?
  1. A smart grid is digital technology that allows a 2 way connection between the utility and its customers. Smart grids digitally allow users to see the use on energy in real time to help the change the flow in real time to what is needed at the time.
2. What does it do?
  1. A smart grid makes energy transmission more effective. Allows for quicker action when power goes out for any reason. Lowers energy costs for all parties because they know exactly how much needs to be used and there is no overflow. Help incorporate large sustainable energy systems. And better incorporates user sustainable energy or generator systems.
3. https://www.kfw.de/stories/kfw/stories/environment/renewable-energy/smart-grids-intelligentes-stromnetz/
4. https://www.digitaltrends.com/home/austin-texas-smart-city-technology/
Examples of Smart Grids and their Efficiency - Isaiah
Economic Impact of Smart Grids - Ahmad

The Future Of Smart Grid Technologies

By: Tyler Simon

The Future:

Image result for smart meter Image result for Boulder smart grid

Image result for future smart city

Image result for future smart city graph

Sources

Isaiah Cormier
1. Niesten, Eva. “How Is Value Created and Captured in Smart Grids? A Review of the Literature and an Analysis of Pilot Projects.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Pergamon, 29 Sept. 2015, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032115009740.
2. Venables, Mark. “The Inexorable Creep Towards A Smart Grid Being Driven By Software Solutions.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 19 July 2018, www.forbes.com/sites/markvenables/2018/07/19/the-inexorable-creep-towards-a-smart-grid-being-driven-by-software-solutions/#24bb297c62dd.
3. “10 Best Smart Grid Solution Providers - 2017.” Energy CIO Insights, 2017, smart-grid.energycioinsights.com/vendors/best-smart-grid-solution-providers-2017.html.
Connor Black

What is the Smart Grid? (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2018, from https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/smart_grid.html

Data Analytics: From Smart Meters to Smart Decisions. (n.d.). Retrieved October 13, 2018, from https://www.exponent.com/knowledge/alerts/2018/02/data-analytics-smart-meters

Lallanilla, M. (2013, December 13). What is a Smart Grid. Retrieved October 15, 2018, from https://www.livescience.com/41920-smart-grid.html

(Unknown author)(n.d)The future of smart grids retrieved October 15, 2009 Engineeringonline.edu

Fadaeenjad, M.(January, 2014). The present and future of smart grid technology retrieved October 15, 2009

Sciencedirect.com

Michael Kanellos, Jeff St. John(2009, December 3) The past and future of smart grid technologies. Retrieved October 15,2018

Greentechmedia.com

- Connolly, D., Lund, H., & Mathiesen, B. V. (2016). Smart Energy Europe: The technical and economic impact of one potential 100% renewable energy scenario for the European Union. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 1634-1653.
- Siano, P. (2014). Demand response and smart grids—A survey. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 30, 461-478.
- Verbong, G. P., Beemsterboer, S., & Sengers, F. (2013). Smart grids or smart users? Involving users in developing a low carbon electricity economy. Energy Policy, 52, 117-125.

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Question 1 the difference between total sales in dollars and total

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