Question :
61. A union reluctant to agree to wage increase changes to : 1250943
61. A union is reluctant to agree to wage increase changes to enhance job security if in the past it has made similar concessions but believes management has not stuck to its assurance of greater job security in return. The term that best describes this sub-process of labor-management negotiations is
A. distributive bargaining.
B. integrative bargaining.
C. attitudinal structuring.
D. intraorganizational bargaining.
Attitudinal structuring refers to the relationship and trust between labor and management negotiators. Where the relationship is poor, it may be difficult for the two sides to engage in integrative bargaining because each side hesitates to trust the other side to carry out its part of the deal.
62. Which bargaining tactic is atypical of the early stages of labor-management negotiations?
A. Extensive lists of proposals are presented by the union.
B. Many people are involved on both sides.
C. A mediator acts as facilitator between parties.
D. Management may or may not present proposals of its own.
In the final stage a neutral third party may become involved, someone who can act as a go-between or facilitator.
63. Which of the following is likely to increase management’s willingness to take a strike?
A. There is little price competition in the industry.
B. There is strong product demand.
C. Facilities are integrated.
D. The organization is labor-intensive.
Low price competition can result from regulated prices, from competition based on quality (rather than price), or from the union’s organizing all or most of the employers in the industry, which eliminates labor costs as a price factor. Higher labor costs can be passed on to consumers without losing business.
64. If a company agrees to a union’s demands, it can remain profitable over the long run
A. if it can transfer the high labor costs onto the customers.
B. if price increase is large.
C. if there is significant price competition in the industry.
D. if it competes on price instead of quality.
The company can remain profitable over the long run if it agrees to the union’s demands if higher labor costs can be passed on to consumers without losing business. This is most likely when (1) the price increase is small because labor costs are a small fraction of total costs or (2) there is little price competition in the industry.
65. Under which of the following conditions is the management able to take a strike?
A. When the products are of a perishable nature
B. When jobs are aplenty
C. When work is capital intensive
D. When there is a single production facility
When work is capital intensive, dependence on labor is less.
66. What type of impasse resolution procedures is most widely used?
A. Mediation
B. Fact-finding
C. Arbitration
D. Strikes
Mediation is the least formal but most widely used of the procedures (in both the public and private sectors).
67. A(n) ____ reports on the reasons for the labor-management dispute, the views and arguments of both sides, and a nonbinding recommendation for settling the dispute.
A. arbitrator
B. mediator
C. fact finder
D. interceptor
A fact finder, most commonly used in the public sector, typically reports on the reasons for the dispute, the views and arguments of both sides, and (in some cases) a recommended settlement, which the parties are free to decline.
68. Which of the following is not true about mediation as an impasse resolution procedure?
A. It is used in nearly 40 percent of large private-sector bargaining units.
B. Most mediators are supplied by the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service.
C. It is the most formal impasse resolution procedure.
D. The mediator acts as a facilitator and go-between in negotiations.
Mediation is the least formal impasse resolution procedure.
69. Which of the following is not true about fact-finding as an impasse resolution procedure?
A. A fact-finder reports on the reasons for the dispute.
B. In some cases, a fact-finder provides a recommended settlement.
C. Fact-finding recommendations are made public.
D. The parties must accept the fact-finder’s recommended settlement.
The parties needn’t accept the settlement recommended by the fact-finder.
70. Outside intervention in negotiation in which an arbitrator (or arbitration board) intervenes in the actual writing or setting of contract terms is
A. final-offer arbitration.
B. interest arbitration.
C. rights arbitration.
D. conventional arbitration.
Arbitrating the actual writing or setting of contract terms is known as interest arbitration.
