Question : 41) One of the most hotly debated criticisms of Kohlberg’s : 1184160

 

 

41) One of the most hotly debated criticisms of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning theory is that this theory is based on a longitudinal study of only

A) adolescent females.

B) adolescent males.

C) adult females.

D) adult males.

41) In addition to reasoning, what other influences affect moral behavior?

A) Caring and correction

B) External standards and integration

C) Internalization and modeling

D) Valuing justice and sharing

 

 

42) Research indicates that whether or not an individual cheats in school depends primarily on the

A) individual’s honesty.

B) individual’s personality.

C) particular situation.

D) subject matter involved.

 

 

43) According to Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Model of Human Development

A) the mesosystem is another word for the teacher.

B) the microsystem refers to the society at large and how it influences the individual.

C) The family is more important than the school environment for human development.

D) the parent’s work place (i.e., exosystem) influences the development of the child.

 

 

44) Research has shown that students who watch others behaving aggressively

A) become more aggressive.

B) become more passive.

C) do not change their behavior.

D) tolerate less aggression among peers.

 

 

45) Adults who were rejected as children tend to have

A) fewer problems than adults whose childhoods were without caring adults.

B) friends who are socially competent and mature, even though their childhoods were essentially friendless.

C) higher self-esteem than adults who were socially competent as children.

D) more problems than adults who had close friends when they were children.

 

 

46) Psychologists disagree about the commonly held belief that parents are the major influence on their children. What is the basis of this disagreement?

A) Behavioral genetics

B) Child rearing practices

C) Peer influences

D) Social environment

 

 

47) Relational aggression involves

A) physical abuse between siblings.

B) threatening or damaging social relationships.

C) being assertive about one’s rights.

D) inflicting intentional harm.

 

 

48) Nigresence refers to

A) people who have been marginalized by the majority culture.

B) a teacher’s ability to build African-American students’ self-esteem.

C) the process of developing a Black identity.

D) an identity concept that does not change much during one’s lifespan.

 

 

50) According to Woolfolk, between the ages of 11 and 14, girls are, on average:

A) smarter than boys in mathematics and language arts.

B) less likely to engage in academic dishonesty compared to boys.

C) taller and heavier than boys of the same age.

D) more at risk for abusing alcohol and cigarettes compared to boys.

 

 

 

 

51) Neuroscientists now believe that play appears to help:

A) young children increase their memory capacity.

B) prevent learning disabilities in middle-age children.

C) children skip one of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development if the play involves problem-solving.

D) the process of pruning brain synapses during childhood.

 

 

52) When dealing with physical differences in the classroom, teachers should:

A) deal with some of these issues in relevant curriculum materials.

B) not call attention to sex difference in the curriculum.

C) encourage nicknames based on physical traits in order to bring sex differences into open classroom discussions.

D) structure the curriculum so there is no time at the end of the class for socializing.

 

 

53) Which age group is most likely to have the lowest prevalence of overweight individuals?

A) adolescents between the ages of 16 through 18.

B) children between the ages 2 through 5.

C) newborns to age 2.

D) children between the ages of 9 through 12.

 

 

54) Sandra loves her daughter very much, but she believes parents should be very strict in communicating their expectations for their child’s behavior.  Sandra believes that even though her daughter is only five years old, she should be able to act in a mature manner in all settings.  Sandra’s rules may appear controlling to others, but they allow her to control her child’s behavior.  Sandra’s parenting style is described as:

A) authoritative.

B) passive-aggressive.

C) neglecting/controlling.

D) authoritarian.