Question : 71. After a while self-talk becomes second nature to children, : 1254743

71. After a while self-talk becomes second nature to children, and they can act without verbalizing, thus creating a form of _____ which becomes their thoughts.

a. mindstream

b. inner speech

c. lisping

d. private speech

72. Which of the following describes what Lev Vygotsky believed about the development of thought and language?

a. Thought and language are merged early in development and later separate.

b. Thought depends on language, so they are merged throughout development.

c. Thought and language develop independently at first and merge later in development.

d. Thought and language are two separate functions that remain independent throughout development.

73. In the development of language and thought:

a. internal speech precedes private speech.

b. internal and external speech develop simultaneously.

c. external speech precedes internal speech.

d. external speech develops after internal speech.

74. Vygotsky argued that _____ represents an early transition toward becoming more socially communicative.

a. mindstream

b. inner speech

c. lisping

d. private speech

75. Michelle, 4, talks to herself frequently, especially when she is trying to solve a difficult problem. Lev Vygotsky would say that Michelle is:

a. engaging in egocentric and immature thinking.

b. likely to be socially competent.

c. functioning at the upper limit of her zone of proximal development (ZPD).

d. engaging in scaffolding.

76. Amy, age 3, walks by her grandmother’s collection of glass animals and says, “Those are a ‘no-no’; don’t touch.” It would appear that Amy is using _____ to regulate her own behavior.

a. mindstream

b. intuitive reasoning

c. private speech

d. symbolic function

77. Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky’s educational applications?

a. IQ should be assessed to test a child’s learning capabilities.

b. A child should learn on his/her own to realize his capabilities.

c. A child’s use of private speech reflects immaturity and egocentrism.

d. Teaching should begin toward the upper limit of a child’s zone of proximal development.

78. Which of the following scenarios best represents Lev Vygotsky’s view of mental and behavioral development?

a. A teacher assigns challenging tasks that students must complete on their own.

b. An instructor helps students with laboratory work, showing them how to do things the students cannot yet do.

c. A teacher waits patiently for students to come up with good answers and assesses their learning capabilities.

d. An instructor systematically offers standardized tests to students to evaluate their mental abilities on varying subjects.

79. Which of the following educational strategies would Vygotsky say should be incorporated into the classroom?

a. Making each child responsible for his/her work, without relying on peers or teachers for support

b. Formal, standardized tests to assess children’s learning

c. Discouraging distractions like self-talk or private talk

d. Offering just enough assistance to the child to accomplish the task

80. “Tools of the Mind” is a program that is grounded in _____ theory of cognitive development.

a. Vygotsky’s

b. Erikson’s

c. Sternberg’s

d. Piaget’s