Question : 101.In Rotter’s theory, a subjective value is A)a measure of the : 1231106

101.In Rotter’s theory, a subjective value is

A)a measure of the importance of a trait.

B)the worth one places on a desired outcome.

C)other people’s evaluation of one’s personality.

D)one’s own evaluation of one’s personality.

E)the likelihood that a person will perform a behavior that s/he sets out to accomplish.

102.An individual’s general belief about his or her ability to obtain reinforcements is referred to as

A)subjective value.

B)objective value.

C)locus of control.

D)reciprocal determinism.

E)self-efficacy.

103.Which of the following is NOT cited in the text as true of people with an internal locus of control as compared to those with an external locus of control?

A)They cope with pain better.

B)They have happier marriages.

C)They are better able to make changes in diet and exercise when overweight.

D)They are more likely to succeed in school.

E)They believe they can obtain reinforcements.

104.The idea of reciprocal determinism was developed by

A)Bandura.

B)Rotter.

C)Skinner.

D)Cattell.

E)Mischel.

105.Reciprocal determinism

A)refers to a people’s personal predictions of the outcomes of their behavior.

B)refers to people’s belief that they can obtain reinforcements through work and effort.

C)refers to people’s belief that reinforcements are largely controlled by external forces beyond their control.

D)is the idea that cognitions, behaviors, and environmental factors influence each other.

E)maintains that people determine the value of a behavior based on the desired outcome of that behavior.

106.  Albert Bandura’s theory emphasizes the importance of an individual’s efficacy expectations, by which is meant _____.

A) our expectations about whether our efforts can achieve desired outcomes or whether outcomes are influenced by factors outside our control

B)   our predictions regarding the outcomes of behaviors

C)   our beliefs about our own abilities to perform tasks we set out to accomplish

D)  our ability to plan courses of action to achieve our goals and to reward ourselves for accomplishing our goals

E)  our idealized sense of who and what we should be

107.Which of the following best describes Bandura’s ideas about the relationship between behavior, cognition, and environment?

A)Cognitions, behaviors, and the environment mutually influence each other.

B)Cognitions influence behaviors that, in turn, influence the environment.

C)Behaviors influence cognitions that, in turn, influence the environment.

D)The environment and cognitions jointly influence behavior.

E)The environment influences cognitions and behavior.

108.Which type of learning did Bandura emphasize in his social-cognitive theory?

A)operant conditioning

B)classical conditioning

C)latent learning

D)observational learning

E)operant and classical conditioning

109.Shawn is more likely to smoke marijuana in situations where he believes it will make him relaxed than in situations where he feels he will make a fool of himself. Shawn’s ideas about smoking marijuana reflect his

A)efficacy expectations.

B)locus of control.

C)self-esteem.

D)individualism.

E)outcome expectations.

110.Herschel believes that he will be able to perform the behaviors necessary for him to succeed at college. Bandura used the term ______ to describe Herschel’s beliefs.

A)locus of control

B)outcome expectations

C)efficacy expectations

D)reciprocal determinism

E)positive regard