Question : 21.A group of students discusses their grades their first psychology : 1231163

21.A group of students discusses their grades on their first psychology exam. Which student is making a dispositional attribution?

A)Arne says, “I’ll never pass this course. I’m just stupid.”

B)Beck says, “I did well because the test was really easy.”

C)Claire says, “The professor thinks I’m cute, so he graded my essays easy.”

D)Donal says, “My lucky rabbit’s foot worked!”

E)Earl says, “I flunked; that professor just doesn’t like me.”

22.Joylin assumes her husband kicked the dog because the dog had just bitten him. Joylin is making what sort of attribution?

A)dispositional

B)personal

C)internal

D)situational

E)cognitive

23.The self-defense explanation of a crime essentially involves convincing the jury to make what sort of attribution about the defendant’s actions?

A)situational

B)dispositional

C)personal

D)cognitive

E)internal

24.Which social psychologist proposed that people tend to focus more on the behavior of others than on the circumstances in which the behavior occurs?

A)Solomon Asch

B)Robert Sternberg

C)Fritz Heider

D)C. Daniel Batson

E)Stanley Milgram

25.Regarding attributions, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)The actor-observer effect is strong across a wide variety of situations.

B)The tendency to attribute others’ behavior to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to situational demands is explained by the actor-observer effect.

C)Attributions are influenced by cognitive biases like the fundamental attribution error, the actor-observer effect, and the self-serving bias.

D)The self-serving bias is widespread in Western cultures.

E)In the fundamental attribution error, people overemphasize internal causes when explaining others’ behavior.

26.The fundamental attribution error, which helps explain how cognitive biases affect attributions, involves

A)taking credit for your own good behavior.

B)taking the blame for your own bad behavior.

C)overemphasizing internal factors when explaining the behavior of others.

D)overemphasizing situational factors when explaining the behavior of others.

E)overemphasizing internal factors when explaining personal successes and situational factors when explaining personal failures.

27.Which of the following individuals is making the fundamental attribution error?

A)Alex failed his psychology test and passed his biology test. He says his psychology professor made an unfair test, and that he studied hard for the biology test.

B)Bernard asks a girl in his class for a date, and she responds in a curt, rude manner. Bernard says that she’s stuck-up, but doesn’t realize the girl’s mother just died.

C)Courtney and her friend just received grades from their first English composition, on which they both earned As. Courtney says that she earned her grade after working really hard, while her friend earned her grade because she’s lucky.

D)Dimitria works in sales. When she makes a sale, she boasts about her sales skills, but when she fails to make one, she has an excuse for why it did not work out.

E)Eduardo believes that all Italians are emotional and criminally-minded, so he avoids making friends with the Italian foreign exchange student in his dorm.

28.Jahrul’s instructor was very rude the first day of class. Jahrul assumed the instructor was a rude woman. He did not know that she had woken up late, had a car accident on the way to work, and had been locked out of her office. Jahrul is demonstrating

A)the fundamental attribution error.

B)self-serving  bias.

C)cognitive dissonance.

D)the actor-observer effect.

E)the elaboration likelihood model.

29.Compared to a person from a collectivist culture, a person from an individualistic culture

A)is less prone to make the fundamental attribution error.

B)has a greater tendency to make situational attributions for the behavior of others.

C)is more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.

D)emphasizes external causes of behavior to explain the behavior of others.

E)relies little on dispositional causes in making attributions.

30.A researcher compares cross-cultural differences in the fundamental attribution error by showing a film of someone stealing and then asking participants to explain why the person stole. Participants from East Asian cultures are most likely to make which attribution?

A)The thief is too lazy and not motivated to earn money to support his family.

B)The thief is not intelligent.

C)The thief was born evil.

D)The thief lacks morality.

E)The thief was raised in a family that condoned stealing when money was not available for basic needs.