Question : 71. Dan performs the same experiment several different occasions. Each time : 1201790

71. Dan performs the same experiment on several different occasions. Each time he performs the experiment, his data suggest different conclusions. The results from Dan’s experiment lack 
A. reliability.
B. variability.
C. empiricism.
D. statistical significance.

72. What is a theory? 
A. A factor or characteristic that is manipulated or measured in research.
B. An elaborate set of hypotheses
C. A law that has been established through experimentation
D. An integrated set of principles that can be used to explain and predict phenomena

73. Albert has collected and examined his research data and now has a set of general principles that he feels accounts for the acquisition of personality traits. Albert has formed a(n) _____ of personality. 
A. theory
B. operational definition
C. experimental design
D. opinion

74. Psychology is based on research questions about many phenomena. The first step in assembling information about a phenomenon is usually 
A. devising a theory that will predict future phenomena.
B. describing the phenomenon of interest.
C. finding the correlation between the variables that constitute the phenomenon.
D. devising an experiment that will explain the causal relationships involved.

75. Jack collected survey data and summarized the results. He then made a hypothesis based on those data. After making the hypothesis he developed a theory. Which of the four main goals of research did Jack skip? 
A. Description
B. Prediction
C. Control
D. Explanation

76. A social psychologist is interested in studying the effects of AIDS on dating. She designs an interview and carefully selects several people to participate in the study. Each interview lasts two hours. Which goal of research is she pursuing? 
A. Control
B. Prediction
C. Explanation
D. Description

77. A major limitation of naturalistic observation in the study of human behavior is that 
A. accurate observations usually cannot be made.
B. the observer might influence the behavior being studied.
C. studying people in their natural environment tells nothing about the influence of context on behavior.
D. it always requires two observers and is therefore very expensive.

78. What research topic would lend itself best to naturalistic observation?       
A. Comparing smokers and nonsmokers on judgments of self-esteem
B. Describing play among children in a kindergarten class
C. Describing gender attitudes for all Chicagoans
D. Understanding the life of someone with a rare brain disorder

79. Dissociative identity disorder is a rare mental disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct personalities. Psychologists studying this rare disorder would be most likely to use 
A. case studies.
B. surveys.
C. naturalistic observation.
D. experiments.

80. Psychologists are most likely to use case studies instead of other research methods when they wish to study 
A. cause-effect relationships between variables.
B. phenomena that are new, complex, or rare.
C. group behavior and public opinion.
D. people without being intrusive.