1- What are some of the means by which borrowers raise capital?  What is the unit of measure by which borrowers calculate the cost of borrowing and by which lenders calculate their rate of return on money loaned? 

1-9 The president of Southern Semiconductor Corporation (SSC) made this statement in the company’s annual report: “SSC’s primary goal is to increase the value of our common stockholders’ equity.” Later in the report, the following announcements were made: 

a. The company contributed $1.5 million to the symphony orchestra in Birmingham, Alabama, its headquarters city.

 b. The company is spending $500 million to open a new plant and expand operations in China. No profits will be produced by the Chinese operation for 4 years, so earnings will be depressed during this period versus what they would have been had the decision been made not to expand in China.

 c. The company holds about half of its assets in the form of U.S. Treasury bonds, and it keeps these funds available for use in emergencies. In the future, though, SSC plans to shift its emergency funds from Treasury bonds to common stocks. 

Discuss how SSC’s stockholders might view each of these actions and how the actions might affect the stock price.

1-3 Suppose three honest individuals gave you their estimates of Stock X’s intrinsic value. One person is your current roommate, the second person is a professional security analyst with an excellent reputation on Wall Street, and the third person is Company X’s CFO. If the three estimates differed, in which one would you have the most confidence? Why?