Question : 81. Vygotsky viewed private speech as A. a very rare occurrence among normal : 1199021

81. Vygotsky viewed private speech as 
A. a very rare occurrence among normal preschool-age children.
B. as a sign of cognitive immaturity.
C. a deficit in the process of language development.
D. a mediator in the process of learning and problem-solving.

82. Language development is delayed in about ___ percentage of preschool aged children. 
A. 5 to 8
B. 9
C. 12 to 16
D. 3

83. Which of the following statements about delayed language development is true? 
A. Children who speak late despite having adequate levels of comprehension are likely to be afflicted by anxiety and social phobias.
B. There is no evidence of delayed speech being linked to heredity.
C. Children with delayed language development invariably lack linguistic input at home.
D. Boys are more likely than girls to be late talkers.

84. _____ refers to preschoolers’ development of skills, knowledge, and attitudes that underlie reading and writing. 
A. Transformational grammar
B. Dual coding
C. Theory of mind
D. Emergent literacy

85. Which of the following represents a specific phonological skill? 
A. Linking letters with sounds
B. Understanding narrative structure
C. Vocabulary
D. Syntax

86. Which of the following represents an oral language skill? 
A. Linking letters with sounds
B. Decoding a printed word
C. Vocabulary
D. Word recognition

87. Which of the following is NOT an effective way to help preschool children become literate? 
A. Avoiding the use of new and unfamiliar words
B. Focusing dinner-table talk on the day’s activities
C. Providing appropriate conversational challenges
D. Reading to children

88. Preschools in China essentially emphasize _____ whereas preschools in the United States take a more progressive approach to early childhood education. 
A. social development
B. emotional growth
C. physical development
D. academic preparation

89. A local preschool is trying to incorporate a more child-centered approach in its curriculum and teaching methodology. In order to meet this goal, the preschool should 
A. focus solely on the mastery of alphabet and number use.
B. include more activities that help the bright children fulfill their potential.
C. incorporate more activities that foster personality growth and interpersonal functioning.
D. highlight the role of academic achievement as the ultimate purpose of its child-centered approach.

90. Which of the following is true of the Montessori method in early childhood education? 
A. In the Montessori method, learning is free and students are allowed to set the direction of classroom activities based on their preferences.
B. The Montessori method was first implemented in the 1940s in a village in Italy.
C. The Montessori method is more defined and structured when compared to the Reggio Emilia approach.
D. Research on the Montessori method has not proven its benefits over other traditional approaches to preschool education.

91. Which of the following is true about the Reggio Emilia approach to early childhood education? 
A. In Reggio Emilia approach, learning is purposeful but less defined than with the Montessori curriculum.
B. Reggio Emilia approach is a more formal model than the Montessori method.
C. Reggio Emilia Approach stresses the importance of directing children to engage in standard educational activities.
D. Reggio Emilia Approach was introduced by Maria Montessori in 1907.

92. The best-known early intervention preschool program for children of low-income families in the United States is 
A. the Montessori Preschool.
B. the Perry Preschool Program.
C. Project Head Start.
D. Project Child Development.

93. Which of the following statements about Project Head Start is true? 
A. The goals of Project Head Start are primarily academic and fail to cover personal and social skills.
B. The program is funded by donations from non-profit organizations across the United States.
C. The program provides medical, dental, and mental health care, social services, and at least one hot meal a day.
D. Research evidence does not support its effectiveness in improving school readiness.

94. The _____ is a national system for early care and education that makes access to preschool similar to kindergarten by using the public schools. 
A. Montessori preschool
B. Perry Preschool Program
C. Universal preschool
D. Reggio Emilia approach

95. Compared to kindergartens in the past, contemporary kindergartens in the United States 
A. restrict the working hours to half a day mandatorily.
B. provide no measurable benefits even as early as the first two years of school.
C. operate more like first grade classes with worksheets and reading activities being predominant.
D. allow children to spend a majority of their time on self-chosen activities.