Question : 11.Which isotope ratio especially important in studying Earth’s climate over : 1331216

11.Which isotope ratio is especially important in studying Earth’s climate over the past 500,000 years?

a.oxygen-18 to oxygen-16

b.carbon-14 to carbon-12

c.sulfur-34 to sulfur-32

d.nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14

e.argon-40 to argon-39

12.Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Land conversion from forests to cropland results in an increase in biological carbon storage capacity BECAUSE the annual planting and harvesting of crops involves far more biomass than mature forests.

a.The assertion and reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

b.The assertion and reason are both correct, and the reason is invalid.

c.The assertion is correct and the reason is incorrect.

d.The assertion is incorrect and the reason is correct.

e.Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

13.Snow-albedo is an example of which type of feedback?

a.positive

b.negative

c.run-away

d.formative

e.cumulative

14.Which of the following factors, responsible for large-scale temperature changes presently being experienced, has changed decisively due to human activity?

a.stratospheric volcanic sulfate aerosols

b.climate variability

c.solar radiation

d.greenhouse gases

e.snow-albedo effect

15.Which of the following is NOT a major source of human greenhouse gas emissions?

a.agriculture

b.deforestation

c.cement production

d.burning of coal

e.livestock

16.Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Earth’s climate for the next several hundred thousand years depends strongly on the carbon emissions we put into the air over the coming century BECAUSE as much as 25% of the carbon-dioxide in an emissions spike can persist for tens of millennia.

a.The assertion and reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

b.The assertion and reason are both correct, and the reason is invalid.

c.The assertion is correct and the reason is incorrect.

d.The assertion is incorrect and the reason is correct.

e.Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

17.Who invented the first thermometer?

a.William Rankine

b.Daniel Fahrenheit

c.Anders Celsius

d.William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)

e.Galileo Galilei

18.Which of the following best reflects the change in sea surface temperature of the past half-century?

a.A net warming of 1?C-2?C has occurred.

b.A net warming of 0.1?C-0.2?C has occurred.

c.There has been no change in sea surface temperature.

d.A net cooling of 0.1?C-0.2?C has occurred.

e.A net cooling of 1?C-2?C has occurred.

19.Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The net warming of the oceans over the past fifty years is not significant BECAUSE the oceans are enormous in size.

a.The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

b.The assertion and the reason are both correct, but the reason is invalid.

c.The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

d.The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.

e.Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.

20.Which of the following has the greatest albedo?

a.fresh concrete

b.grasslands

c.ocean water

d.sandy deserts

e.snow and ice