Question : 91. Unlike other research methods, experiments allow researchers to establish _____ : 1201777

91. Unlike other research methods, experiments allow researchers to establish _____ relationships between variables. 
A. cause-and-effect
B. correlational
C. predictive
D. dependent

92. Experimenters who want to find the best explanation of a phenomenon among several rival hypotheses should 
A. describe the correlation among the variables involved.
B. conduct controlled research using experimental methods.
C. conduct research in the real world instead of in a laboratory.
D. continue observing the phenomenon of interest until the best explanation becomes clear.

93. Jon believes that exercise is a cause of higher levels of life satisfaction. If Jon plans to study this hypothesis experimentally, his independent variable would be the 
A. amount of exercise his participants engage in.
B. level of life satisfaction before the exercise.
C. level of life satisfaction after the exercise.
D. physical health of his participants.

94. Tai is interested in how alcohol consumption affects driving ability. He gives college students two, four, or six beers and then measures how many obstacles the students “hit” when they are in a driving simulator. The dependent variable is 
A. alcohol consumption.
B. driving ability.
C. the number of drinks.
D. the number of obstacles hit.

95. Dr. Summers investigated the influence of snacking on the onset of sleep in preschool children. One group of preschoolers ate a candy bar prior to bedtime, and the other group ate nothing. Time until the onset of sleep was recorded for each child. In this experiment, eating or not eating the snack is the _____ variable, and the time until the onset of sleep is the _____ variable. 
A. independent; dependent
B. dependent; independent
C. experimental; control
D. control; experimental

96. Rica has children watch either violent or nonviolent cartoons. Afterward, she watches to see which group of children gets into the most fights. In this study, the number of fights that each child engages in is the _____ variable. 
A. independent
B. dependent
C. representative
D. random

97. Dr. Jones is studying the effects of fatigue on aggression. He hypothesizes that the more fatigue a person is experiencing, the more aggressively the person will behave. Dr. Jones’s control group should be composed of _____ participants. 
A. non-fatigued
B. fatigued
C. aggressive
D. nonaggressive

98. Dr. Adcock is a community psychologist studying whether a special program instituted for an at-risk group of junior high school students decreases behavior problems. At-risk students are randomly assigned to either Group A, the special program, or Group B, a study hall meeting at the same time. In this experiment, Group A is the _____, whereas Group B is the _____. 
A. independent variable; dependent variable
B. experimental group; control group
C. control group; experimental group
D. dependent variable; independent variable

99. A(n) _____ variable can be any factor, other than the variable being manipulated by the experimenter, in the experimental situation that might affect the dependent variable. 
A. interval
B. correlational
C. independent
D. confounding

100. In studying the effects of amount of alcohol consumed on test taking, a participant’s alcohol tolerance would be 
A. the independent variable.
B. the dependent variable.
C. a confounding variable.
D. the experimental group.