Question : 21. In the United States, the average age of menarche : 1254805

21. In the United States, the average age of menarche has _____ since the mid-nineteenth century.

a. increased marginally

b. declined significantly

c. increased significantly

d. not changed

22. Which of the following statements about the timing and variations in puberty is true?

a. Children in European countries mature up to a year earlier than their American counterparts.

b. For girls, menarche is considered within the normal range if it appears between the ages of 9 and 15.

c. Genes have little to do with when and how puberty develops.

d. Non-Latino White girls experience puberty earlier than African American girls.

23. Who amongst the following is most likely to be dissatisfied with body image as pubertal change proceeds?

a. A girl in early adolescence

b. A girl in late adolescence

c. A boy in early adolescence

d. A boy in late adolescence

24. In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago, early-maturing boys perceived themselves _____ than did their late-maturing counterparts. When the late-maturing boys were in their thirties, however, they had developed a _____ than the early-maturing boys had.

a. as an anomaly; stronger feeling of inadequacy

b. more positively; stronger sense of identity

c. as misfits; a more negative self-image

d. more negatively; deeper sense of regret

25. Recent research has found that early-maturing girls are more likely than late-maturing girls to be:

a. satisfied with their figures in late adolescence.

b. taller and thinner when they reach high school.

c. less popular with males their own age.

d. depressed, become alcoholic, and/or have an eating disorder.

26. The _____, where fibers connect the brain’s left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence, and this improves adolescents’ ability to process information.

a. amygdala

b. corpus callosum

c. parietal lobe

d. temporal lobe

27. Donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter’s tendency to flare up at the mildest provocations. Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and seems unable to exercise much self-control. As a specialist in the development of adolescents, you would tell Donna that her daughter’s behavior could partly be explained by the biological reason that:

a. the prefrontal cortex—involved in reasoning and self-control—has developed fully by early adolescence.

b. the corpus callosum, where fibers connect the brain’s left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence.

c. by the end of adolescence, individuals have fewer, less selective, less effective neuronal connections than they did as children.

d. the amygdala—the seat of emotions such as anger—matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents.

28. _____ is the “judgment” region that reins in intense emotions but doesn’t finish developing until at least emerging adulthood.

a. Nucleus acumbens

b. Corpus callosum

c. Prefrontal cortex

d. Amygdala

29. Leading researcher Charles Nelson proposed the view that, although adolescents are capable of very strong emotions, their prefrontal cortex has not adequately developed to the point at which they can control these passions. His view reflects the rapidly emerging field of _____, which involves connections between development, the brain, and socioemotional processes.

a. socioemotional neuroscience

b. biosocial neuroscience

c. psychosocial neuroscience

d. developmental social neuroscience

30. In a U.S. national survey conducted in 2009, _____ percent of twelfth-graders reported that they had experienced sexual intercourse, compared with _____ percent of ninth-graders.

a. 20; 10

b. 62; 32

c. 77; 90

d. 60; 52