Question : 21. A false impression of what other people thinking, feeling or : 1198607

21. A false impression of what other people are thinking, feeling or responding is what social psychologists call 
A. an imaginary audience.
B. social comparison.
C. pluralistic ignorance.
D. groupthink.

22. You are hesitant to ask questions in class because you assume everyone else understands and you would therefore seem foolish. Your thinking best exemplifies 
A. groupthink.
B. pluralistic ignorance.
C. social loafing.
D. self-handicapping.

23. When people learn about others’ positions, without making a prior commitment and without discussing their own position, they will 
A. often take a reverse position.
B. not adjust their own position.
C. adjust their responses to be more in line with the others’ position.
D. pretend they “knew it all along.”

24. Groupthink can be defined as 
A. a tendency to suppress dissent in the interests of group harmony.
B. a tendency to sacrifice group cohesiveness in favor of task orientation and problem focus.
C. enhancement of problem-solving capacity as a result of several persons joining together to work on the same problem.
D. reduced self-awareness as a result of group immersion and social anonymity.

25. Julio is a directive leader of a highly cohesive student group on campus. When discussing important policy decisions, the group will be at greatest risk for groupthink if it is also 
A. isolated from dissenting viewpoints.
B. composed of majority and minority students.
C. well-informed regarding both sides of the issue.
D. aware of the dangers of making wrong decisions.

26. According to Janis, groupthink grows from all of the following except 
A. the group’s isolation from dissenting viewpoints.
B. having an amiable, cohesive group.
C. being assigned an additive task with a transformational leader.
D. having a directive leader who signals what decisions he/she favors.

27. According to the text, groupthink symptoms can be viewed as a form of dissonance reduction as group members 
A. try to maintain their positive group feelings.
B. try to persuade other group members of their opinions.
C. underestimate their group’s might.
D. discuss their group’s vulnerability.

28. Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink? 
A. “We have been in agreement on matters in the past and I hope that will continue.”
B. “Joe, why don’t you play devil’s advocate and challenge the course of action most of us seem to prefer?”
C. “I think we need some outsiders to come in and critique our decision before we proceed.”
D. “We have made some stupid mistakes in the past. Let’s work carefully to not make the same errors again.”

29. Which of the following is a comment you are LEAST likely to hear being made within a group characterized by groupthink? 
A. “Our critics are not very smart.”
B. “Our past decisions have always been right.”
C. “Let’s weigh all the alternatives carefully before we proceed.”
D. “It seems to me we are all in agreement on this, so let’s proceed.”

30. Which two symptoms of groupthink lead group members to overestimate their group’s right and might? 
A. rationalization and conformity pressure
B. rationalization and a stereotyped view of the opponent
C. an illusion of invulnerability and self-censorship
D. an illusion of invulnerability and an unquestioned belief in the group’s morality

31. Closed-mindedness is most clearly fostered by which of the following symptoms of groupthink? 
A. rationalization
B. unquestioned belief in the group’s morality
C. an illusion of unanimity
D. conformity pressure

32. The illusion of unanimity in a group is one aspect of 
A. social facilitation.
B. deindividuation.
C. groupthink.
D. rationalization.

33. “Mindguards” protect group leaders from 
A. unfair criticism.
B. disagreeable facts.
C. susceptibility to illusions.
D. stereotyped views of the opponents.

34. Which of the following is NOT a prescriptive strategy to prevent groupthink from developing? 
A. One or more members should be assigned the position of devil’s advocate.
B. Group members should be kept together as one unit and not divided into separate discussion subgroups.
C. Outsiders should attend the meetings and challenge the group’s views.
D. After reaching a preliminary decision, the group should call a second-chance meeting and ask each member to express remaining doubts.