Question : 51.When Salina was a young girl, a dog viciously attacked : 1231237

51.When Salina was a young girl, a dog viciously attacked her as she was walking along a white picket fence. Since then, she displays intense fear of white picket fences. Salina is demonstrating

A)a discriminative stimulus.

B)superstitious behavior.

C)stimulus discrimination.

D)a phobia.

E)spontaneous recovery.

52.Advertising makes use of classical conditioning. For example, a product is presented along with some naturally appealing stimulus (e.g., a physically attractive person). In this case, the product begins as the

A)unconditioned stimulus.

B)neutral stimulus.

C)conditioned stimulus.

D)unconditioned response.

E)conditioned response.

53.The systematic application of learning principles to help people overcome phobias is called ______ therapy.

A)aversion

B)cognitive

C)conditioning

D)behavior

E)reexposure

54.Behavior therapy has been found helpful in treating which of the following disorders?

A)phobias only

B)phobias and sexual dysfunctions only

C)phobias and addictive behaviors only

D)phobias and childhood behavior problems

E)phobias, sexual dysfunctions, addictive behaviors, and childhood behavior problems

55.Which researcher is associated with the study of conditioned taste aversions?

A)John B. Watson

B)Ivan Pavlov

C)John Garcia

D)Robert Rescorla

E)Edward Thorndike

56.A researcher finds that rats avoid drinking from bottles in a room in which they had received exposure to radiation that subsequently made them ill. This demonstrates

A)stimulus discrimination.

B)stimulus generalization.

C)conditioned taste aversion.

D)fixed interval schedule of reinforcement.

E)behavior therapy.

57.Regarding classical conditioning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Immune system responses can be classically conditioned.

B)Drug cravings and taste aversions can be acquired through classical conditioning.

C)Feelings of nostalgia can be elicited by stimuli that were associated with pleasant experiences in the past.

D)Taste aversions can be acquired with a single pairing of a food or drink and a nausea-inducing stimulus.

E)While classical conditioning is effective in creating phobias, its principles are not particularly useful in therapy to address phobias.

58.The most surprising element in Garcia’s research on taste aversion was that

A)animals were sickened by radiation.

B)animals would avoid drinking water.

C)animals would drink even if they were sick.

D)conditioned taste aversion could be developed even when the CS occurred several hours before the US.

E)conditioned taste aversion could be developed only when the US immediately followed the CS.

59.Cassandra, a recovered alcoholic for 15 years, no longer has a physical addiction to alcohol. However, whenever she sees her old “drinking buddies,” she begins to have cravings for alcohol. Cassandra’s experience is an example of

A)insight learning.

B)operant conditioning.

C)classical conditioning.

D)observational learning.

E)negative reinforcement.

60.In Garcia’s research on taste aversions, what was the neutral stimulus?

A)radiation

B)taste of the water

C)nausea

D)electric shocks

E)taste of the food