When assessing a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and oral cancer using a case-control study, increasing the sample size of the study will result in which of the following Reset Selection |
The measure of the benefit to the population derived by modifying a risk factor is the: Reset Selection |
An approach to estimating the effects due to the single exposure factor is to compute the: Reset Selection |
A statistical association may be causal or noncausal. In addition, many diseases require that more than one factor be present for disease to develop. Examples of multiple causation models include: Reset Selection |
You are investigating the role of physical activity in heart disease and suggest that physical activity protects against having a heart attack. While presenting these data to your colleagues, someone asks if you have thought about confounders such as factor X. This factor X could have confounded your interpretation of the data if it Reset Selection |
The strategy which is not aimed at reducing selection bias is: Reset Selection |
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Which of the following is not a method for controlling the effects of confounding in epidemiologic studies Reset Selection |
Surgeons at Hospital A report that the mortality rate at the end of a one-year follow-up after a new coronary bypass procedure is 15%. At Hospital B, the surgeons report a one-year mortality rate of 8% for the same procedure. Before concluding that the surgeons at Hospital B have vastly superior skill, which of the following possible confounders would you examine? Reset Selection |
Sensitivity and specificity of a screening test refer to its: Reset Selection |
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The adverse consequences of using a screening test which has a low specificity include: Reset Selection |
The degree of agreement between several trained experts refers to Reset Selection |
A test that determines whether disease is actually present is a: Reset Selection |
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The epidemiological triangle considers which factor(s) in the pathogenesis of disease: Reset Selection |
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published an article concerning the high rate of foot fungal disease in New Orleans. The article explains that there has been a high rate of foot fungal disease in New Orleans for decades. Foot fungal disease in New Orleans is best described as Reset Selection |
An attack rate is an alternative incidence rate that is used when Reset Selection |
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An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred after an epidemiology department luncheon, which was attended by 485 faculty and staff. Assume everyone ate the same food items. Sixty-five people had fever and diarrhea, five of these people were severely affected. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72. The attack rate of salmonellosis was: Reset Selection |
An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred after an epidemiology department luncheon, which was attended by 485 faculty and staff. Assume everyone ate the same food items. Sixty-five people had fever and diarrhea, five of these people were severely affected. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. The virulence of salmonellosis was: Reset Selection |
Which of the following examples involves indirect transmission of disease? Reset Selection |
The ability of an agent to cause disease in the infected host is referred to as: Reset Selection |
Community A receives its water from several sources. The water source responsible for causing an outbreak of disease X is unknown. The best evidence to determine which suspected water supply is responsible would be: Reset Selection |
The table below shows the mumps experience of children in 390 families exposed to mumps by a primary case within the family:
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Population
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Cases
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Age in years
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Total
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No. susceptible before primary cases occurred
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Primary
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Secondary
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2 − 4
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300
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250
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100
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50
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5 − 9
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450
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420
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204
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87
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10 − 19
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152
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84
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25
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15
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The secondary attack rate among children aged two to four years is:
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