Question :
61. Critical thinking is A. used by most people in most situations.B. the process : 1201789
61. Critical thinking is
A. used by most people in most situations.
B. the process of assessing claims and making judgments on the basis of well-supported evidence.
C. the default manner in which people come to make decisions about important matters.
D. unimportant for scientists.
62. Bradley used to readily accept statements made by politicians and take claims made by advertisers at face value. After a discussion in his communication class, Bradley decides he will now avoid making poor decisions based on such claims by
A. following the process of introspection.
B. engaging in critical thinking.
C. no longer utilizing naturalistic observation.
D. relying less on positive psychology.
63. Which of the following questions would be least helpful to someone trying to analyze a claim with critical thinking?
A. What are my gut feelings about the claim’s validity?
B. Is there evidence to support the claim?
C. Can the available evidence be interpreted another way?
D. What evidence would help to evaluate the alternatives?
64. The prediction that “bright colors will make people happier” is called a(n)
A. hypothesis.
B. law.
C. theory.
D. explanation.
65. Joe, a psychologist, believes that listening to classical music while studying will increase academic performance. This is an example of a(n)
A. hypothesis.
B. theory.
C. experimental design.
D. case study.
66. An experimenter wants to determine whether taking a specific amount of the drug Prozac relieves depression. Which of the following will be most in need of an operational definition in this study?
A. Variables
B. Descriptive Statistics
C. Inferential statistic
D. Experimental confound
67. Shantae is doing an experiment on how anxious people will feel if they are told that they did not do well on an intelligence test. She asks her participants to rate how nervous, upset, and anxious they feel on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 7 (very). Participants’ scores on the scale are a(n)
A. operational definition of anxiety.
B. independent variable.
C. confounding variable.
D. intervening variable.
68. The term “variables” is best defined as the
A. consistency of the evidence obtained through research.
B. specific factors or characteristics that are manipulated or measured in research.
C. degree to which evidence accurately represents the topic being studied.
D. specific, testable statements or propositions about the topic being studied.
69. Tamera is taking a test that purports to be able to determine her personality based on her responses to simple questions about her favorite colors. Tamera soon realizes that the test is a poor measure of one’s personality. In other words, she realizes that the test is
A. lacking in validity.
B. randomly assigned.
C. lacking in reliability.
D. randomly sampled.
70. Tim claims that he has developed a test that can assess a person’s intelligence based on the answer to a single question. As you hear about the test, you start to wonder whether Tim’s test is truly measuring intelligence. In other words, you have concerns about the _____ of the test.
A. reliability
B. statistical significance
C. validity
D. absolute value