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Question : 51) Direct pollution controls can be inefficient because, for any : 1384322

Economics

 

 

51) Direct pollution controls can be inefficient because, for any given amount of pollution reduction, they

A) create new pollution as they eliminate existing pollution.

B) take into account differing marginal costs among firms.

C) do not minimize the total cost of pollution abatement.

D) cost too much to enforce.

E) are not complied with by firms.

52) An important reason that direct controls are usually inefficient in reducing pollution is that

A) they create new pollution as they eliminate existing pollution.

B) different firms have different marginal costs of pollution abatement.

C) it costs too much to make sure that firms comply with the regulations.

D) they generally garner little political support and thus eventually fail.

E) firms have little incentive to comply with them.

53) All of the following are examples of direct pollution controls EXCEPT

A) auto emissions standards.

B) legislation requiring scrubbers on coal-fired power stations.

C) legislation imposing per-unit taxes on harmful emissions from a pulp and paper plant.

D) a ban on wood stoves in some communities.

E) a monetary fine in some communities for littering.

54) Federal regulation aimed at reducing greenhouse-gas emissions by setting some maximum level of emissions from each firm

A) is the best approach because the costs of reducing emissions are different for each firm.

B) is the best approach because firms will quickly reduce air pollution.

C) will usually not produce the desired reduction in emissions at the lowest possible cost.

D) will achieve the largest but not the most efficient reduction in emissions.

E) will achieve the least reduction in emissions but be the most efficient.

55) Direct controls for reducing pollution can be criticized from an economic viewpoint as

A) being ultimately unsuccessful in reducing pollution.

B) not being efficient in allocating the costs of pollution reduction among various firms and plants.

C) being inequitable in their application.

D) being easy to circumvent.

E) still allowing firms to pollute when a policy of “zero tolerance” is more appropriate.

56) Direct controls for reducing pollution are likely to be inefficient because

A) the cost of reducing pollution is greater than the benefit.

B) direct controls are impossible to monitor.

C) firms with different pollution abatement costs are facing identical regulations.

D) firms are not likely to comply with this method of government intervention.

E) firms’ output will rise above the socially optimal amount.

57) Automobile emissions standards are an example of

A) direct pollution controls.

B) emissions taxes.

C) tradable emissions standards.

D) market power.

E) a market-based environmental policy.

58) The banning of wood-burning stoves and fireplaces is an example of

A) safety regulations.

B) emissions taxes.

C) tradable emissions standards.

D) direct pollution controls.

E) a market-based environmental policy.

59) Which of the following environmental problems would be best addressed through the use of direct controls?

A) emissions from coal-fired electric generating stations that cause acid rain

B) emissions from ocean-going cruise ships

C) sulfur dioxide discharged from pulp and paper mills

D) the greenhouse gas emissions associated with residential home heating

E) a chemical additive in animal feed that pollutes groundwater and is toxic to humans

60) Consider two firms, A and B, that must engage in pollution abatement. If Firm A has a lower marginal cost of pollution abatement than Firm B, then

A) regardless of costs, it is equitable for both firms to face the same direct controls on their pollution.

B) reallocating all abatement activity to Firm A will reduce pollution and reduce the total cost of abatement.

C) reallocating some of Firm A’s abatement activity to Firm B will keep total abatement constant but will reduce the total cost of abatement.

D) reallocating some of Firm B’s abatement activity to Firm A can keep total abatement constant but reduce the total cost of abatement.

E) Firm B should lower its costs.

 

 

 

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July 1, 2023
    

APA format 1 page 3 References (peer review) and for Nursing MSN class

 

Building a Health History

            As a nurse practitioner, it is important to understand that many considerations have been considered when assessing patients as no two individuals are the same. Therefore, consideration should be given to the differences in the patient. These differences are not limited to race, culture, age, gender, and socio-economic background. Per Donnelly & Martin (2016) in obtaining a proper assessment of a patient leads to proper treatment of the patient.

Considering Each Case History

            In building a health history, consideration should be like each of the demographic population. Different interviewing and assessment techniques that will allow them to be comfortable and willing to share the necessary information that will build their health history.  For instance, when assessing a seventy-six-year-old black male with disabilities living in an urban setting, these factors should be noted, age, demographic, cognitive awareness, and lifestyle, the same can be said for all the other case history. The seventy-six-year-old male will require the nurse practitioner to be focused on then when speaking. They should speak slowly and with clarity, and properly pronouncing words, as the patient may have a problem processing conversation quickly. According to Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart (2015), the adolescent boy may need time to open, so the interview and assessment process should not be rushed. The fifty-five-year-old Asian female living in a high-density poverty complex will need to be addressed with respect. The nurse practitioner should understand that the pre-school age white female living in a rural community may need communication through play to alleviate their fears.  The sixteen-year-old teenager living in an inner-city neighborhood will need reassurance and non-judgmental evaluation.  Understanding age, gender, ethnicity, and environment will allow the practitioner to know how to approach each patient case.

Risk assessment Instruments

            There are many risk assessment instruments that can be used for screening. These are important in building the foundational health history as it can show the progression of patient development as well as decline.  In the evaluation of the patient who is seventy-six-year-old male is, a fall risk assessment would be appropriate, questions regarding last fall if any, and type of medications. An STD screening would be appropriate for the adolescent Hispanic/ Latino boy asking a question regarding sexual activity and how many sexual partners. A TB and pneumonia screening should be done for the Asian female asking question relating to exposure and symptoms. For the pre-school age white female would benefit from a developmental screening, parents involvement is usually necessary as answers to the question relating to achievement of the milestone is gained through them; and, the pregnant sixteen-year-old could do a prenatal and nutrition screening, questions relating to nutrition, supplements, feelings regarding pregnancy.

Pregnant at Sixteen in the Inner-city

            According to According to Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart (2015), using effective tools is helpful in gaining the most information necessary information to build not only a positive relationship; but, also necessary heal history. One of the screening that could be used for the 16-year-old white pregnant teenager living in an inner-city neighborhood would be HEEADSSS (home environment, education, eating, activities, drugs, sexuality, suicide/depression, safety from injury and violence). This instrument is appropriate for this patient for many reasons, given that at this age and stage of development and background patient may be having an identity crisis, unsure about her pregnancy, and uncertain home environment as well as any or all the other issues in the screen tool. The risk assessment instrument could include an HIV risk assessment as at this teenager was likely engaging in an unprotected sexual activity. As there may be limited knowledge about the potential father, doing an HIV risk assessment can help to protect the fetus from possible infection. Proper screening is important as highlighted by Duberstein and Jerant (2014) journal article regarding suicide prevention; whereby the lack of proper screening as let to a steady incline of suicide rates.

Five Targeted Questions

  1. What are your expectations regarding your visit today?
  2. Was the sex consensual?
  3. When was your menstrual period?
  4. How do you feel about your pregnancy?
  5. Who you parents and or partner able to provide support?

            Asking targeted question will allow the provider the capability to expand the interaction, promoting follow-up questions and gaining more information.

References

Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2015). Seidel's guide to physical examination (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Donnelly, M., & Martin, D. (2016). History taking and physical assessment in holistic palliative care. British Journal of Nursing, 25(22), 1250.

Duberstein, P., & Jerant, A. (2014). Suicide Prevention in Primary Care: Optimistic Humanism Imagined and Engineered. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 29(6), 827. doi:10.1007/s11606-014-2839-4

default image
July 1, 2023
    

APA format 1 page 3 References (peer review) and for Nursing MSN class

 

Building a Health History

            As a nurse practitioner, it is important to understand that many considerations have been considered when assessing patients as no two individuals are the same. Therefore, consideration should be given to the differences in the patient. These differences are not limited to race, culture, age, gender, and socio-economic background. Per Donnelly & Martin (2016) in obtaining a proper assessment of a patient leads to proper treatment of the patient.

Considering Each Case History

            In building a health history, consideration should be like each of the demographic population. Different interviewing and assessment techniques that will allow them to be comfortable and willing to share the necessary information that will build their health history.  For instance, when assessing a seventy-six-year-old black male with disabilities living in an urban setting, these factors should be noted, age, demographic, cognitive awareness, and lifestyle, the same can be said for all the other case history. The seventy-six-year-old male will require the nurse practitioner to be focused on then when speaking. They should speak slowly and with clarity, and properly pronouncing words, as the patient may have a problem processing conversation quickly. According to Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart (2015), the adolescent boy may need time to open, so the interview and assessment process should not be rushed. The fifty-five-year-old Asian female living in a high-density poverty complex will need to be addressed with respect. The nurse practitioner should understand that the pre-school age white female living in a rural community may need communication through play to alleviate their fears.  The sixteen-year-old teenager living in an inner-city neighborhood will need reassurance and non-judgmental evaluation.  Understanding age, gender, ethnicity, and environment will allow the practitioner to know how to approach each patient case.

Risk assessment Instruments

            There are many risk assessment instruments that can be used for screening. These are important in building the foundational health history as it can show the progression of patient development as well as decline.  In the evaluation of the patient who is seventy-six-year-old male is, a fall risk assessment would be appropriate, questions regarding last fall if any, and type of medications. An STD screening would be appropriate for the adolescent Hispanic/ Latino boy asking a question regarding sexual activity and how many sexual partners. A TB and pneumonia screening should be done for the Asian female asking question relating to exposure and symptoms. For the pre-school age white female would benefit from a developmental screening, parents involvement is usually necessary as answers to the question relating to achievement of the milestone is gained through them; and, the pregnant sixteen-year-old could do a prenatal and nutrition screening, questions relating to nutrition, supplements, feelings regarding pregnancy.

Pregnant at Sixteen in the Inner-city

            According to According to Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart (2015), using effective tools is helpful in gaining the most information necessary information to build not only a positive relationship; but, also necessary heal history. One of the screening that could be used for the 16-year-old white pregnant teenager living in an inner-city neighborhood would be HEEADSSS (home environment, education, eating, activities, drugs, sexuality, suicide/depression, safety from injury and violence). This instrument is appropriate for this patient for many reasons, given that at this age and stage of development and background patient may be having an identity crisis, unsure about her pregnancy, and uncertain home environment as well as any or all the other issues in the screen tool. The risk assessment instrument could include an HIV risk assessment as at this teenager was likely engaging in an unprotected sexual activity. As there may be limited knowledge about the potential father, doing an HIV risk assessment can help to protect the fetus from possible infection. Proper screening is important as highlighted by Duberstein and Jerant (2014) journal article regarding suicide prevention; whereby the lack of proper screening as let to a steady incline of suicide rates.

Five Targeted Questions

  1. What are your expectations regarding your visit today?
  2. Was the sex consensual?
  3. When was your menstrual period?
  4. How do you feel about your pregnancy?
  5. Who you parents and or partner able to provide support?

            Asking targeted question will allow the provider the capability to expand the interaction, promoting follow-up questions and gaining more information.

References

Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2015). Seidel's guide to physical examination (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Donnelly, M., & Martin, D. (2016). History taking and physical assessment in holistic palliative care. British Journal of Nursing, 25(22), 1250.

Duberstein, P., & Jerant, A. (2014). Suicide Prevention in Primary Care: Optimistic Humanism Imagined and Engineered. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 29(6), 827. doi:10.1007/s11606-014-2839-4

default image
July 1, 2023
    

APA format 1 page 3 References (peer review) and for Nursing MSN class

 

Building a Health History

            As a nurse practitioner, it is important to understand that many considerations have been considered when assessing patients as no two individuals are the same. Therefore, consideration should be given to the differences in the patient. These differences are not limited to race, culture, age, gender, and socio-economic background. Per Donnelly & Martin (2016) in obtaining a proper assessment of a patient leads to proper treatment of the patient.

Considering Each Case History

            In building a health history, consideration should be like each of the demographic population. Different interviewing and assessment techniques that will allow them to be comfortable and willing to share the necessary information that will build their health history.  For instance, when assessing a seventy-six-year-old black male with disabilities living in an urban setting, these factors should be noted, age, demographic, cognitive awareness, and lifestyle, the same can be said for all the other case history. The seventy-six-year-old male will require the nurse practitioner to be focused on then when speaking. They should speak slowly and with clarity, and properly pronouncing words, as the patient may have a problem processing conversation quickly. According to Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart (2015), the adolescent boy may need time to open, so the interview and assessment process should not be rushed. The fifty-five-year-old Asian female living in a high-density poverty complex will need to be addressed with respect. The nurse practitioner should understand that the pre-school age white female living in a rural community may need communication through play to alleviate their fears.  The sixteen-year-old teenager living in an inner-city neighborhood will need reassurance and non-judgmental evaluation.  Understanding age, gender, ethnicity, and environment will allow the practitioner to know how to approach each patient case.

Risk assessment Instruments

            There are many risk assessment instruments that can be used for screening. These are important in building the foundational health history as it can show the progression of patient development as well as decline.  In the evaluation of the patient who is seventy-six-year-old male is, a fall risk assessment would be appropriate, questions regarding last fall if any, and type of medications. An STD screening would be appropriate for the adolescent Hispanic/ Latino boy asking a question regarding sexual activity and how many sexual partners. A TB and pneumonia screening should be done for the Asian female asking question relating to exposure and symptoms. For the pre-school age white female would benefit from a developmental screening, parents involvement is usually necessary as answers to the question relating to achievement of the milestone is gained through them; and, the pregnant sixteen-year-old could do a prenatal and nutrition screening, questions relating to nutrition, supplements, feelings regarding pregnancy.

Pregnant at Sixteen in the Inner-city

            According to According to Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart (2015), using effective tools is helpful in gaining the most information necessary information to build not only a positive relationship; but, also necessary heal history. One of the screening that could be used for the 16-year-old white pregnant teenager living in an inner-city neighborhood would be HEEADSSS (home environment, education, eating, activities, drugs, sexuality, suicide/depression, safety from injury and violence). This instrument is appropriate for this patient for many reasons, given that at this age and stage of development and background patient may be having an identity crisis, unsure about her pregnancy, and uncertain home environment as well as any or all the other issues in the screen tool. The risk assessment instrument could include an HIV risk assessment as at this teenager was likely engaging in an unprotected sexual activity. As there may be limited knowledge about the potential father, doing an HIV risk assessment can help to protect the fetus from possible infection. Proper screening is important as highlighted by Duberstein and Jerant (2014) journal article regarding suicide prevention; whereby the lack of proper screening as let to a steady incline of suicide rates.

Five Targeted Questions

  1. What are your expectations regarding your visit today?
  2. Was the sex consensual?
  3. When was your menstrual period?
  4. How do you feel about your pregnancy?
  5. Who you parents and or partner able to provide support?

            Asking targeted question will allow the provider the capability to expand the interaction, promoting follow-up questions and gaining more information.

References

Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2015). Seidel's guide to physical examination (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

Donnelly, M., & Martin, D. (2016). History taking and physical assessment in holistic palliative care. British Journal of Nursing, 25(22), 1250.

Duberstein, P., & Jerant, A. (2014). Suicide Prevention in Primary Care: Optimistic Humanism Imagined and Engineered. JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, 29(6), 827. doi:10.1007/s11606-014-2839-4

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