Question : 44.The _____ were family-owned federations or conglomerates in Japan that, : 1303041

44.The _____ were family-owned federations or conglomerates in Japan that, after World War II, were re-organized into keiretsu.

a.chaebol

b.zaibatsu (page 244, moderate)

c.soga shosha

d.banks

45.Which of the following are still primarily family-owned and operated businesses?

a.chaebol (page 244-245, moderate)

b.zaibatsu

c.keiretsu

d.sogo shosha

46.Features of a _____ organization include widespread use of project teams, interfunctional teams, and networks.

a.transnational

b.bureaucratic

c.boundaryless (page 245, difficult)

d.heterarchical

47.The authors use the term _____ to describe a centralized firm that follows a strategy built on global-scale cost advantage.

a.multinational

b.global (page 246, moderate)

c.international

d.transnational

48.The term _____ in this chapter refers to a firm that is primarily country-oriented and locally responsive.

a.multinational (page 245, moderate)

b.global

c.international

d.transnational

49.A firm that is _____ develops products and innovations in its domestic market and then transports them to foreign affiliates that adapt the products and technologies to local needs.

a.multinational

b.global

c.international (page 246, moderate)

d.transnational

50.The _____ firm differs from other types of firms in that it attempts to find solutions that are tailored to specific situations, rather than choose any single structure for its entire system.

a.multinational

b.global

c.international

d.transnational (page 246, moderate)

51.Basic features of a heterarchy include all of the following, except _____.

a.resources are diffused to multiple centers, each with its own special competence

b.subsidiary managers play important tactical roles in carrying out the decisions made at headquarters (page 247, difficult)

c.integration and control are achieved primarily through norms developed by socialization and “corporate culture”

d.it may use more than two structural dimensions at the same time for different operations or functions

52.Because of their ability to find flexible solutions that redefine and recombine resources, heterarchy is found increasingly among _____.

a.family-owned-and-operated businesses, as they grow internationally

b.Japanese firms as they transition from keiretsu to zaibatsu

c.transnational firms as they seek to become more like sogo shosha

d.postsocialist states as they make the change to market economies (page 248, difficult)

53.All of the following except _____ are characteristic of network organizations.

a.more flexible and adaptive structures

b.porous boundaries that permit a variety of inter-organizational relations

c.requiring deeper engagement and participation from “core” employees

d.more intense rivalry among all potential competitors (page 248, difficult)

54.Managing as if structure is irrelevant is difficult because _____.

a.it runs contrary to the culture-free or universalistic perspective

b.it ignores the issue of interpersonal relationships

c.it ignores the fact that employee behaviors are shaped by organization structure (page 250, moderate)

d.of all of the above

e.of none of the above