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Question : 51.All of the following make attitudes more likely to influence : 1231166

Psychology

 

51.All of the following make attitudes more likely to influence behavior EXCEPT

A)stability.

B)situational attributions.

C)certainty.

D)specificity.

E)easy recall.

52.Cognitive dissonance results when

A)a person makes the fundamental attribution error.

B)one’s attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent.

C)stereotypes are confirmed through experience.

D)attraction is high between two people.

E)elaboration likelihood is high.

53.Of the following smokers, which one is choosing the route of rationalization to deal with the dissonance between their smoking behavior and their belief that smoking is unhealthy?

A)Alejandro, who says, “Cancer doesn’t run in my family anyway.”

B)Bhodip, who says, “I’ll worry about quitting smoking when I’m older.”

C)Corbin, who quits smoking “cold turkey.”

D)Damita, who develops and implements a plan to gradually stop smoking.

E)Esperanza, who stops paying attention to messages that smoking is harmful.

54.Charlie is most likely to experience cognitive dissonance if he decides to buy the car that

A)is black inside and outside, which might mean less maintenance, a good thing since he hates fussing with cars.

B)is advertised as quick to accelerate up to 80 miles per hour, a feature that he looked for because he likes to pass slow drivers.

C)received a high rating in customer satisfaction, which is important to him because his last car was a lemon.

D)uses alternative fuel and is therefore environmentally friendly, something Charlie cares deeply about.

E)is sleek and so much sexier than all the other cars but is also a gas guzzler and costs much more than he wants to spend.

55.According to the text, one of the most common ways to reduce cognitive dissonance is to

A)change beliefs.

B)change behaviors.

C)change beliefs and behaviors.

D)use rationalizations.

E)ignore the inconsistencies until they fade away.

56.According to _______, people are more likely to carefully evaluate a persuasive message when their motivational state is high and when they have the ability or knowledge to evaluate the information.

A)the contact hypothesis

B)prosocial behavior theory

C)the elaboration likelihood model

D)the groupthink principle

E)the self-fulfilling prophecy

57.In which condition is a person most likely to carefully evaluate a persuasive message?

A)When the message is consistent with what they already believe

B)When the message is inconsistent with what they already believe

C)When the message is irrelevant to what they already believe

D)When they are distracted and the message is not particularly meaningful

E)When they are highly motivated and they have the skills to evaluate the message

58.People use a central route of processing information when

A)elaboration likelihood is high.

B)cognitive dissonance is high.

C)they are uninterested in the issue.

D)motivation is low.

E)they lack evaluation skills.

59.According to the elaboration likelihood model, when elaboration likelihood is low, people

A)use a peripheral route of processing information.

B)use a central route of processing information.

C)ignore persuasive messages.

D)focus on aspects of the persuasive message that are consistent with prior beliefs.

E)focus on the content of the message.

60.In persuasive messages the careful evaluation of the content of a message is accomplished via which route of processing?

A)central

B)peripheral

C)attributional

D)dissonant

E)relational

 

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July 1, 2023
    

 

31) Which of the following describes the distinction between the Phillips curve and the AS curve?

A) The AS curve has the price level on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the interest rate on the vertical axis.

B) The AS curve has the price level on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the rate of change in the interest rate on the vertical axis.

C) The AS curve has the price level on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the rate of wage changes on the vertical axis.

D) The AS curve has the rate of price inflation on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the rate of wage changes on the vertical axis.

E) There is no distinction: the two curves are essentially the same thing.

32) If the economy in the short run is experiencing a recessionary gap, we are likely to see

A) severe and widespread labour shortages.

B) quickly rising output prices.

C) many workers receiving employment-insurance benefits.

D) the number of employment-insurance recipients the lowest ever.

E) consumers optimistic about the future.

33) Which of the following statements about output gaps is true?

A) When actual GDP is below potential GDP, there is upward pressure on wages.

B) When actual GDP is below potential GDP, there is upward pressure on output prices.

C) When actual GDP is above potential GDP, there is downward pressure on wages.

D) When actual GDP is above potential GDP, there is downward pressure on output prices.

E) When actual GDP is above potential GDP, there is upward pressure on wages.

34) Consider the basic AD/AS diagram. The vertical line at Y* shows the relationship between the price level and the amount of output ________ have adjusted to output gaps.

A) demanded by households after all factor prices

B) supplied by firms after all factor prices

C) demanded by households before all factor prices

D) supplied by firms before all factor prices

E) supplied by firms after all output prices

35) As the macro economy adjusts from the short run to the long run,

A) wages and other factor prices adjust to close output gaps.

B) potential output is adjusting to close inflationary or recessionary gaps.

C) wages and other factor prices remain constant.

D) aggregate demand shocks cause deviations from potential output.

E) aggregate supply shocks cause deviations from potential output.

36) Following any AD or AS shock, economists typically assume that the adjustment process continues until

A) the AD and AS curves intersect each other at the correct price level.

B) real GDP returns to Y*.

C) factor prices have returned to their levels previous to the shock.

D) Y* adjusts to its long-run equilibrium level.

E) the output gap is at a stable level.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

37) Refer to Table 24-1. Which of the economies is operating at its long-run equilibrium?

A) Economy A

B) Economy B

C) Economy C

D) Economy D

E) Economy E

38) Refer to Table 24-1. Which of the economies are experiencing an inflationary gap?

A) Economies A and B

B) Economies B and C

C) Economies C and D

D) Economies D and E

E) none of the economies

39) Refer to Table 24-1. Which of the following statements best describes the situation facing Economy B?

A) There is a recessionary gap of $40 billion and wages are falling slowly.

B) There is an inflationary gap of $40 billion and wages are rising.

C) There is a recessionary gap of $20 billion and wages are falling slowly.

D) There is no output gap and wages are stable.

E) There is an output gap of $20 billion and wages are rapidly adjusting.

40) Refer to Table 24-1. Consider Economy E. Which of the following best describes the positions of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves in this economy?

A) The AD curve has shifted to the right and the economy is in a short-run disequilibrium position.

B) The AS curve has shifted to the left and the economy is in a short-run disequilibrium position.

C) The intersection of the AD and AS curves is to the right of Y*.

D) The intersection of the AD and AS curves is to the left of Y*.

E) The intersection of the AD and AS curves coincide with the long-run aggregate supply curve.

 

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

31) Which of the following describes the distinction between the Phillips curve and the AS curve?

A) The AS curve has the price level on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the interest rate on the vertical axis.

B) The AS curve has the price level on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the rate of change in the interest rate on the vertical axis.

C) The AS curve has the price level on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the rate of wage changes on the vertical axis.

D) The AS curve has the rate of price inflation on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the rate of wage changes on the vertical axis.

E) There is no distinction: the two curves are essentially the same thing.

32) If the economy in the short run is experiencing a recessionary gap, we are likely to see

A) severe and widespread labour shortages.

B) quickly rising output prices.

C) many workers receiving employment-insurance benefits.

D) the number of employment-insurance recipients the lowest ever.

E) consumers optimistic about the future.

33) Which of the following statements about output gaps is true?

A) When actual GDP is below potential GDP, there is upward pressure on wages.

B) When actual GDP is below potential GDP, there is upward pressure on output prices.

C) When actual GDP is above potential GDP, there is downward pressure on wages.

D) When actual GDP is above potential GDP, there is downward pressure on output prices.

E) When actual GDP is above potential GDP, there is upward pressure on wages.

34) Consider the basic AD/AS diagram. The vertical line at Y* shows the relationship between the price level and the amount of output ________ have adjusted to output gaps.

A) demanded by households after all factor prices

B) supplied by firms after all factor prices

C) demanded by households before all factor prices

D) supplied by firms before all factor prices

E) supplied by firms after all output prices

35) As the macro economy adjusts from the short run to the long run,

A) wages and other factor prices adjust to close output gaps.

B) potential output is adjusting to close inflationary or recessionary gaps.

C) wages and other factor prices remain constant.

D) aggregate demand shocks cause deviations from potential output.

E) aggregate supply shocks cause deviations from potential output.

36) Following any AD or AS shock, economists typically assume that the adjustment process continues until

A) the AD and AS curves intersect each other at the correct price level.

B) real GDP returns to Y*.

C) factor prices have returned to their levels previous to the shock.

D) Y* adjusts to its long-run equilibrium level.

E) the output gap is at a stable level.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

37) Refer to Table 24-1. Which of the economies is operating at its long-run equilibrium?

A) Economy A

B) Economy B

C) Economy C

D) Economy D

E) Economy E

38) Refer to Table 24-1. Which of the economies are experiencing an inflationary gap?

A) Economies A and B

B) Economies B and C

C) Economies C and D

D) Economies D and E

E) none of the economies

39) Refer to Table 24-1. Which of the following statements best describes the situation facing Economy B?

A) There is a recessionary gap of $40 billion and wages are falling slowly.

B) There is an inflationary gap of $40 billion and wages are rising.

C) There is a recessionary gap of $20 billion and wages are falling slowly.

D) There is no output gap and wages are stable.

E) There is an output gap of $20 billion and wages are rapidly adjusting.

40) Refer to Table 24-1. Consider Economy E. Which of the following best describes the positions of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves in this economy?

A) The AD curve has shifted to the right and the economy is in a short-run disequilibrium position.

B) The AS curve has shifted to the left and the economy is in a short-run disequilibrium position.

C) The intersection of the AD and AS curves is to the right of Y*.

D) The intersection of the AD and AS curves is to the left of Y*.

E) The intersection of the AD and AS curves coincide with the long-run aggregate supply curve.

 

 

default image
July 1, 2023
    

 

31) Which of the following describes the distinction between the Phillips curve and the AS curve?

A) The AS curve has the price level on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the interest rate on the vertical axis.

B) The AS curve has the price level on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the rate of change in the interest rate on the vertical axis.

C) The AS curve has the price level on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the rate of wage changes on the vertical axis.

D) The AS curve has the rate of price inflation on the vertical axis whereas the Phillips curve has the rate of wage changes on the vertical axis.

E) There is no distinction: the two curves are essentially the same thing.

32) If the economy in the short run is experiencing a recessionary gap, we are likely to see

A) severe and widespread labour shortages.

B) quickly rising output prices.

C) many workers receiving employment-insurance benefits.

D) the number of employment-insurance recipients the lowest ever.

E) consumers optimistic about the future.

33) Which of the following statements about output gaps is true?

A) When actual GDP is below potential GDP, there is upward pressure on wages.

B) When actual GDP is below potential GDP, there is upward pressure on output prices.

C) When actual GDP is above potential GDP, there is downward pressure on wages.

D) When actual GDP is above potential GDP, there is downward pressure on output prices.

E) When actual GDP is above potential GDP, there is upward pressure on wages.

34) Consider the basic AD/AS diagram. The vertical line at Y* shows the relationship between the price level and the amount of output ________ have adjusted to output gaps.

A) demanded by households after all factor prices

B) supplied by firms after all factor prices

C) demanded by households before all factor prices

D) supplied by firms before all factor prices

E) supplied by firms after all output prices

35) As the macro economy adjusts from the short run to the long run,

A) wages and other factor prices adjust to close output gaps.

B) potential output is adjusting to close inflationary or recessionary gaps.

C) wages and other factor prices remain constant.

D) aggregate demand shocks cause deviations from potential output.

E) aggregate supply shocks cause deviations from potential output.

36) Following any AD or AS shock, economists typically assume that the adjustment process continues until

A) the AD and AS curves intersect each other at the correct price level.

B) real GDP returns to Y*.

C) factor prices have returned to their levels previous to the shock.

D) Y* adjusts to its long-run equilibrium level.

E) the output gap is at a stable level.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

37) Refer to Table 24-1. Which of the economies is operating at its long-run equilibrium?

A) Economy A

B) Economy B

C) Economy C

D) Economy D

E) Economy E

38) Refer to Table 24-1. Which of the economies are experiencing an inflationary gap?

A) Economies A and B

B) Economies B and C

C) Economies C and D

D) Economies D and E

E) none of the economies

39) Refer to Table 24-1. Which of the following statements best describes the situation facing Economy B?

A) There is a recessionary gap of $40 billion and wages are falling slowly.

B) There is an inflationary gap of $40 billion and wages are rising.

C) There is a recessionary gap of $20 billion and wages are falling slowly.

D) There is no output gap and wages are stable.

E) There is an output gap of $20 billion and wages are rapidly adjusting.

40) Refer to Table 24-1. Consider Economy E. Which of the following best describes the positions of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves in this economy?

A) The AD curve has shifted to the right and the economy is in a short-run disequilibrium position.

B) The AS curve has shifted to the left and the economy is in a short-run disequilibrium position.

C) The intersection of the AD and AS curves is to the right of Y*.

D) The intersection of the AD and AS curves is to the left of Y*.

E) The intersection of the AD and AS curves coincide with the long-run aggregate supply curve.

 

 

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