Question :
8.4 The Lemons Problem: How Adverse Selection Influences Financial Structure
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8.4 The Lemons Problem: How Adverse Selection Influences Financial Structure
1) The “lemons problem” exists because of
A) transactions costs.
B) economies of scale.
C) rational expectations.
D) asymmetric information.
2) Because of the “lemons problem” the price a buyer of a used car pays is
A) equal to the price of a lemon.
B) less than the price of a lemon.
C) equal to the price of a peach.
D) between the price of a lemon and a peach.
3) Adverse selection is a problem associated with equity and debt contracts arising from
A) the lender’s relative lack of information about the borrower’s potential returns and risks of his investment activities.
B) the lender’s inability to legally require sufficient collateral to cover a 100% loss if the borrower defaults.
C) the borrower’s lack of incentive to seek a loan for highly risky investments.
D) the lender’s inability to restrict the borrower from changing his behavior once given a loan.
4) The ________ problem helps to explain why the private production and sale of information cannot eliminate ________.
A) free-rider; adverse selection
B) free-rider; moral hazard
C) principal-agent; adverse selection
D) principal-agent; moral hazard
5) The free-rider problem occurs because
A) people who pay for information use it freely.
B) people who do not pay for information use it.
C) information can never be sold at any price.
D) it is never profitable to produce information.
6) In the United States, the government agency requiring that firms that sell securities in public markets adhere to standard accounting principles and disclose information about their sales, assets, and earnings is the
A) Federal Communications Commission.
B) Federal Trade Commission.
C) Securities and Exchange Commission.
D) Federal Reserve System.
7) Government regulations require publicly traded firms to provide information, reducing
A) transactions costs.
B) the need for diversification.
C) the adverse selection problem.
D) economies of scale.
8) A lesson of the Enron collapse is that government regulation
A) always fails.
B) can reduce but not eliminate asymmetric information.
C) increases the problem of asymmetric information.
D) should be reduced.
9) That most used cars are sold by intermediaries (i.e., used car dealers) provides evidence that these intermediaries
A) have been afforded special government treatment, since used car dealers do not provide information that is valued by consumers of used cars.
B) are able to prevent potential competitors from free-riding off the information that they provide.
C) have failed to solve adverse selection problems in this market because “lemons” continue to be traded.
D) have solved the moral hazard problem by providing valuable information to their customers.
10) Analysis of adverse selection indicates that financial intermediaries, especially banks,
A) have advantages in overcoming the free-rider problem, helping to explain why indirect finance is a more important source of business finance than is direct finance.
B) despite their success in overcoming free-rider problems, nevertheless play a minor role in moving funds to corporations.
C) provide better-known and larger corporations a higher percentage of their external funds than they do to newer and smaller corporations which rely to a greater extent on the new issues market for funds.
D) must buy securities from corporations to diversify the risk that results from holding non-tradable loans.
