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Reasonable suspicion versus probable cause | CRJ 325 – Criminal Procedure | Strayer University

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Law enforcement officers use two methods to investigate possible criminal activity: reasonable suspicion and probable cause. Reasonable suspicion means officers have a reasonable belief, sometimes called a hunch, that criminal activity may have occurred. They have no hard evidence to support their belief. Probable cause is more concrete. Probable cause means officers are not just suspicious that criminal activity has occurred; they think it’s likely, or probable, that criminal activity has taken place. Many times reasonable suspicion may evolve into probable cause. This is not always the case, however. Initial contact between an officer and a subject often involves reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause. 

This is a two-parter. Be sure to complete both parts.

 

Part 1

In Part 1 you are required to write a one- to two-page narrative in which you: 

  • Distinguish between reasonable suspicion and probable cause.
    • Be sure to illustrate your distinctions between these two terms with examples.  
  • Develop a checklist with a series of questions to ask when assessing reasonable suspicion Versus probably cause (for example, What drew your attention to this particular person?). 

 

Part 2

In Part 2 of this assignment, you are required to examine the 10 scenarios contained in the Reasonable Suspicion Versus Probable Cause Template [DOCX].

  • Note: The first scenario is completed for you as an example to guide your work on the remaining nine scenarios. 

For each scenario in the template:

  1. Determine whether reasonable suspicion or probable cause applies to each scenario.
  2. Justify your determinations. 
  3. Use three sources to support your writing.
    • Choose sources that are credible, relevant, and appropriate.
    • Cite each source listed on your source page at least one time within your assignment.
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July 1, 2023
    

The assignment revolves around the Case Study, which may be found as a separate PDF document in the Resources section of the subject Interact site.

Objective

To apply and consolidate skills acquired in the requirement and analysis disciplines through analysis of a simple case study, and to express the results through the relevant UML diagrams.

Tasks

Part A - Use Cases (25 marks)

  1. Perform a requirements analysis for the Case Study. Express the results using the following artefacts:
    1. A use case diagram for the functional requirements of the entire system, accompanied by:
    2. Short use case descriptions for all use cases.
  2. Select the most essential (critical core) use case in the system, and produce a full use case description for it .
  3. Produce an activity diagram that expresses the workflow for that use case.

Part B - System-wide/Non-functional Requirements (15 marks)

  1. Produce a system-wide (non-functional) requirement document that documents the architectural requirements the system must address.

Part C - Use Case Realization (30 marks)

  1. Develop a domain model for the Case Study. Express your model with a class diagram, showing any inheritance and compositional relationships.
  2. Develop a use case realization showing the sequence of messages involved for the use case selected for the full description in Part A. Express this use case realization in a communication diagrams. Use the GRASP concept of a Controller class to coordinate the use case.
  3. Translate the communication diagram produced for Task 6 into an equivalent sequence diagram.

Part D - Analysis Classes(10 marks)

  1. Prepare a summary analysis class diagram showing the attributes and methods required by problem domain classes involved in the use case realized in Part C.

Part E - Object Interactions (10 marks)

  1. Prepare operation specifications for the two most complex methods contained in one of the nominated objects specified for the Case Study.

Part F - Object State (10 marks)

  1. Create a state diagram for the object chosen for Part E. Nominated objects will be listed in the Case Study.

Rationale

This assignment elicits performance of taught skills in the architecture and design areas relevant to the following learning objectives:

  • be able to analyse and validate system requirements;
  • be able to produce and validate analysis and design models for a system;
  • be able to demonstrate use of a CASE tool to document the models in a system.

Marking criteria

Use Cases

  • Is a correct concept of use cases demonstrated?
  • Are sensible use cases identified?
  • Are all use cases identified?
  • Are any extraneous use cases included?
  • Is correct UML syntax used (system box, actors,use cases, extends/includes)?
  • Are all use cases described briefly?
  • Do use cases have sensible names (identifies intent with verb)?
  • Are the short use case descriptions sensible/correct?
  • Are the most critical and important use cases correctly identified?
  • Are normal and alternate flows identified in the full use case description?
  • Are pre-conditions and post-conditions identified in the full use case description?
  • Is the full use case description consistent with the case study?
  • Is the activity diagram consistent with full use case descriptions?
  • Does the activity diagram use correct UML syntax?

System-wide/Non-functional Requirements

  • Are all system-wide/non-functional requirements identified?
  • Are sensible inferences from the system-wide requirements discussed?
  • Are business rules identified and described?
  • Are all domain objects identified?
  • Are any extraneous objects included?
  • Are inheritance relationships correctly identified?
  • Are composition/aggregation relationships correctly identified?

Use Case Realizations

  • Is there a coherent sequence of messages?
  • Are the messages consistent with Domain model?
  • Does the message sequence support the use case as described?
  • Does the communication diagram use correct UML syntax?
  • Is the sequence diagram consistent with the communication diagram?
  • Is there a coherent sequence of messages (no miracles)?
  • Is the sequence diagram consistent with the domain model?
  • Does the sequence diagram support the use case as described?
  • Does the sequence diagram use correct UML syntax?

Summary Analysis Class Diagram

  • Is the summary analysis class diagram consistent with the use case realization?
  • Is the summary analysis class diagram consistent with the domain model?
  • Are all methods required by use case realizations identified?
  • Are all attributes necessary to support methods identified?
  • Does the summary analysis class diagram use correct UML syntax?

Operation Specification

  • Is the operation specification consistent with the use case realization?
  • Is the operation specification consistent with the domain model?
  • Are pre-conditions identified and specified?
  • Are post-conditions identified and specified?
  • Are parameter types and rangesspecified?
  • Is business logic specified?

State Diagram

  • Is a correct concept of states and transitions displayed?
  • Is the state diagram consistent with the use case realization?
  • Are sensible additional transitions identified?
default image
July 1, 2023
    

The assignment revolves around the Case Study, which may be found as a separate PDF document in the Resources section of the subject Interact site.

Objective

To apply and consolidate skills acquired in the requirement and analysis disciplines through analysis of a simple case study, and to express the results through the relevant UML diagrams.

Tasks

Part A - Use Cases (25 marks)

  1. Perform a requirements analysis for the Case Study. Express the results using the following artefacts:
    1. A use case diagram for the functional requirements of the entire system, accompanied by:
    2. Short use case descriptions for all use cases.
  2. Select the most essential (critical core) use case in the system, and produce a full use case description for it .
  3. Produce an activity diagram that expresses the workflow for that use case.

Part B - System-wide/Non-functional Requirements (15 marks)

  1. Produce a system-wide (non-functional) requirement document that documents the architectural requirements the system must address.

Part C - Use Case Realization (30 marks)

  1. Develop a domain model for the Case Study. Express your model with a class diagram, showing any inheritance and compositional relationships.
  2. Develop a use case realization showing the sequence of messages involved for the use case selected for the full description in Part A. Express this use case realization in a communication diagrams. Use the GRASP concept of a Controller class to coordinate the use case.
  3. Translate the communication diagram produced for Task 6 into an equivalent sequence diagram.

Part D - Analysis Classes(10 marks)

  1. Prepare a summary analysis class diagram showing the attributes and methods required by problem domain classes involved in the use case realized in Part C.

Part E - Object Interactions (10 marks)

  1. Prepare operation specifications for the two most complex methods contained in one of the nominated objects specified for the Case Study.

Part F - Object State (10 marks)

  1. Create a state diagram for the object chosen for Part E. Nominated objects will be listed in the Case Study.

Rationale

This assignment elicits performance of taught skills in the architecture and design areas relevant to the following learning objectives:

  • be able to analyse and validate system requirements;
  • be able to produce and validate analysis and design models for a system;
  • be able to demonstrate use of a CASE tool to document the models in a system.

Marking criteria

Use Cases

  • Is a correct concept of use cases demonstrated?
  • Are sensible use cases identified?
  • Are all use cases identified?
  • Are any extraneous use cases included?
  • Is correct UML syntax used (system box, actors,use cases, extends/includes)?
  • Are all use cases described briefly?
  • Do use cases have sensible names (identifies intent with verb)?
  • Are the short use case descriptions sensible/correct?
  • Are the most critical and important use cases correctly identified?
  • Are normal and alternate flows identified in the full use case description?
  • Are pre-conditions and post-conditions identified in the full use case description?
  • Is the full use case description consistent with the case study?
  • Is the activity diagram consistent with full use case descriptions?
  • Does the activity diagram use correct UML syntax?

System-wide/Non-functional Requirements

  • Are all system-wide/non-functional requirements identified?
  • Are sensible inferences from the system-wide requirements discussed?
  • Are business rules identified and described?
  • Are all domain objects identified?
  • Are any extraneous objects included?
  • Are inheritance relationships correctly identified?
  • Are composition/aggregation relationships correctly identified?

Use Case Realizations

  • Is there a coherent sequence of messages?
  • Are the messages consistent with Domain model?
  • Does the message sequence support the use case as described?
  • Does the communication diagram use correct UML syntax?
  • Is the sequence diagram consistent with the communication diagram?
  • Is there a coherent sequence of messages (no miracles)?
  • Is the sequence diagram consistent with the domain model?
  • Does the sequence diagram support the use case as described?
  • Does the sequence diagram use correct UML syntax?

Summary Analysis Class Diagram

  • Is the summary analysis class diagram consistent with the use case realization?
  • Is the summary analysis class diagram consistent with the domain model?
  • Are all methods required by use case realizations identified?
  • Are all attributes necessary to support methods identified?
  • Does the summary analysis class diagram use correct UML syntax?

Operation Specification

  • Is the operation specification consistent with the use case realization?
  • Is the operation specification consistent with the domain model?
  • Are pre-conditions identified and specified?
  • Are post-conditions identified and specified?
  • Are parameter types and rangesspecified?
  • Is business logic specified?

State Diagram

  • Is a correct concept of states and transitions displayed?
  • Is the state diagram consistent with the use case realization?
  • Are sensible additional transitions identified?
default image
July 1, 2023
    

The assignment revolves around the Case Study, which may be found as a separate PDF document in the Resources section of the subject Interact site.

Objective

To apply and consolidate skills acquired in the requirement and analysis disciplines through analysis of a simple case study, and to express the results through the relevant UML diagrams.

Tasks

Part A - Use Cases (25 marks)

  1. Perform a requirements analysis for the Case Study. Express the results using the following artefacts:
    1. A use case diagram for the functional requirements of the entire system, accompanied by:
    2. Short use case descriptions for all use cases.
  2. Select the most essential (critical core) use case in the system, and produce a full use case description for it .
  3. Produce an activity diagram that expresses the workflow for that use case.

Part B - System-wide/Non-functional Requirements (15 marks)

  1. Produce a system-wide (non-functional) requirement document that documents the architectural requirements the system must address.

Part C - Use Case Realization (30 marks)

  1. Develop a domain model for the Case Study. Express your model with a class diagram, showing any inheritance and compositional relationships.
  2. Develop a use case realization showing the sequence of messages involved for the use case selected for the full description in Part A. Express this use case realization in a communication diagrams. Use the GRASP concept of a Controller class to coordinate the use case.
  3. Translate the communication diagram produced for Task 6 into an equivalent sequence diagram.

Part D - Analysis Classes(10 marks)

  1. Prepare a summary analysis class diagram showing the attributes and methods required by problem domain classes involved in the use case realized in Part C.

Part E - Object Interactions (10 marks)

  1. Prepare operation specifications for the two most complex methods contained in one of the nominated objects specified for the Case Study.

Part F - Object State (10 marks)

  1. Create a state diagram for the object chosen for Part E. Nominated objects will be listed in the Case Study.

Rationale

This assignment elicits performance of taught skills in the architecture and design areas relevant to the following learning objectives:

  • be able to analyse and validate system requirements;
  • be able to produce and validate analysis and design models for a system;
  • be able to demonstrate use of a CASE tool to document the models in a system.

Marking criteria

Use Cases

  • Is a correct concept of use cases demonstrated?
  • Are sensible use cases identified?
  • Are all use cases identified?
  • Are any extraneous use cases included?
  • Is correct UML syntax used (system box, actors,use cases, extends/includes)?
  • Are all use cases described briefly?
  • Do use cases have sensible names (identifies intent with verb)?
  • Are the short use case descriptions sensible/correct?
  • Are the most critical and important use cases correctly identified?
  • Are normal and alternate flows identified in the full use case description?
  • Are pre-conditions and post-conditions identified in the full use case description?
  • Is the full use case description consistent with the case study?
  • Is the activity diagram consistent with full use case descriptions?
  • Does the activity diagram use correct UML syntax?

System-wide/Non-functional Requirements

  • Are all system-wide/non-functional requirements identified?
  • Are sensible inferences from the system-wide requirements discussed?
  • Are business rules identified and described?
  • Are all domain objects identified?
  • Are any extraneous objects included?
  • Are inheritance relationships correctly identified?
  • Are composition/aggregation relationships correctly identified?

Use Case Realizations

  • Is there a coherent sequence of messages?
  • Are the messages consistent with Domain model?
  • Does the message sequence support the use case as described?
  • Does the communication diagram use correct UML syntax?
  • Is the sequence diagram consistent with the communication diagram?
  • Is there a coherent sequence of messages (no miracles)?
  • Is the sequence diagram consistent with the domain model?
  • Does the sequence diagram support the use case as described?
  • Does the sequence diagram use correct UML syntax?

Summary Analysis Class Diagram

  • Is the summary analysis class diagram consistent with the use case realization?
  • Is the summary analysis class diagram consistent with the domain model?
  • Are all methods required by use case realizations identified?
  • Are all attributes necessary to support methods identified?
  • Does the summary analysis class diagram use correct UML syntax?

Operation Specification

  • Is the operation specification consistent with the use case realization?
  • Is the operation specification consistent with the domain model?
  • Are pre-conditions identified and specified?
  • Are post-conditions identified and specified?
  • Are parameter types and rangesspecified?
  • Is business logic specified?

State Diagram

  • Is a correct concept of states and transitions displayed?
  • Is the state diagram consistent with the use case realization?
  • Are sensible additional transitions identified?
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