Question : 91.All but which of the following difficulties with the concept : 1231242

91.All but which of the following are difficulties with the concept of repression, as presented by Freud?

A)Freud’s concept of repression does not account for ordinary forgetting.

B)Many people who have been traumatized retain vivid, fragmented memories of their experiences.

C)Many victims of trauma have difficulty putting the events out of their minds.

D)Since repression operates unconsciously, it is almost impossible to test scientifically.

E)Today, most experts believe that repression does not occur.

92.Which student is taking a test that is a recognition task?

A)Elaine, who takes an exam in her Spanish class in which she is presented with a word in English and then must write the Spanish equivalent.

B)Erin, who takes an oral exam in her astronomy class in which she must list the planets in order.

C)Melissa, who takes a multiple-choice exam in her sociology class in which she must identify key events and founders in the history of sociology from a list of choices.

D)Sharon, who takes an essay exam in her history class in which she must list key events and dates during the Vietnam War.

E)Jordan, who takes an essay exam in her film studies class in which she must discuss two philosophical positions presented in The Matrix.

93.In general, which type of memory task produces better retrieval?

A)serial recall

B)pair-associates recall

C)free recall

D)recall

E)recognition

94.Lionel takes an exam in his French class. He is presented a word in English and asked to list the French equivalent. What type of memory task is Lionel completing?

A)paired-associates recall

B)free recall

C)serial recall

D)recognition

E)retrieval

95. In a free recall task, an individual is asked _____.

A) to recall as much information as possible about a particular topic in any order

B to recall a series of items or numbers in a particular order

C) to recall pairs of items that had been previously memorized

D) to select the correct answer from a range of alternatives

E) to reproduce information that has been previously committed to memory

96. Jessica is participating in an experiment on memory. She has been asked to memorize a long list of word pairs. Once she has mastered the list, she will be asked a series of questions about which words were paired with each other. This is an example of a _____ test of memory.

A)free recall

B) serial recall task

C) paired-associates recall

D) recognition task

E) time savings task

97. Most people consider recognition tasks to be easier than recall tasks, possibly because _____.

A) recall tests require us to retrieve more information than do recognition tasks.

B) recognition tasks provide more retrieval cues than do recall tasks.

C) serial recall tasks provide hints that can be used in recognition tasks.

D) recognition tasks help us focus on appropriate areas of memory storage.

E) answers for one question may be found in the choices of another question.

98.Why do students generally perform better on multiple-choice tests than on essay tests?

A)Multiple-choice tests provide more retrieval cues.

B)Multiple-choice tests encourage better memory consolidation.

C)Multiple-choice tests have higher long-term potentiation.

D)Multiple-choice tests have less retroactive interference.

E)Multiple-choice tests have less proactive interference.

99.In retrograde amnesia,

A)new memories interfere with old.

B)old memories interfere with new.

C)new long-term memories cannot be formed.

D)old long-term memories are lost.

E)all memories are kept hidden from awareness.

100.In anterograde amnesia, there is

A)an inability to form new long-term memories.

B)an inability to retrieve old long-term memories.

C)a problem where new information interferes with old.

D)a problem where old information interferes with new.

E)a problem where all memories are kept hidden from awareness.

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July 1, 2023

61. Karen Horney’s feminine psychology emphasized the importance of our basic anxiety, which is _____.

A) a repository of accumulated ideas and images that is shared among all humans

B) the part of the personality that is aware of itself and organizes goal-seeking behavior

C) our feelings of “being isolated and helpless in a potentially hostile world”

D) a deep form of resentment toward their parents that is ultimately repressed

E) the banishment to the unconscious of unacceptable wishes, fantasies, urges, and impulses

62.Psychodynamic theory has been criticized on all but which of the following grounds?

A)It places too much emphasis on sexual and aggressive drives.

B)There is a general lack of evidence supporting many of the principles on which the theory is based.

C)The theory was based on evidence gathered from a small number of cases studies.

D)It is difficult to test using the scientific method.

E)It places too much emphasis on social influences.

63.Stable and enduring personal characteristics are called

A)habits.

B)tendencies.

C)traits.

D)types.

E)genes.

64.Regarding the trait perspective of personality development, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Trait theorists use personality traits to predict how people are likely to behave in different situations.

B)Trait theorists are interested in learning how people differ in terms of their underlying traits.

C)Trait theorists are interested in developing ways to measure traits.

D)Trait theorists are interested in how traits are organized and structured within the personality.

E)Trait theorists believe that traits cannot be measured because they are internal structures of the mind.

65.Mahatma Gandhi’s lifelong commitment to non-violent solutions to social problems would likely be considered an example of a(n) ______ trait.

A)ordinal

B)central

C)secondary

D)cardinal

E)primary

66.In Allport’s view, cardinal traits are

A)the most pervasive characteristics of one’s personality.

B)basic building blocks of personality.

C)specific preferences.

D)fluctuating patterns of behavior.

E)superficial traits inferred from observation.

67.Allport proposed ______ types of traits in the personality, and they are called _____.

A)2; internal and external locus of control

B)5; neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness

C)3; introversion-extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism

D)2; surface and source traits

E)3; cardinal, central, and secondary traits

68.Which of the following people is describing a secondary trait in Allport’s model?

A)Antwone, who says, “I am a spiritual person, and the only thing important to me is becoming a priest.”

B)Bettina, who says, “I like rap music, and I don’t like country music.”

C)Cuaron, who says, “My friends say that my basic quality is that I am generous.”

D)Deva, who says, “I’m a creative person.”

E)Evita, who says, “I like playing soccer because I’m a very competitive person in everything I do.”

69. Gordon Allport thought that cardinal traits are _____.

A) pervasive characteristics that influence a person’s behavior in most situations

B) characteristics that influence behavior in some situations, but not others

C) characteristics that can be inferred from observable behavior

D) general traits that are composed of, or give rise to, surface traits

E) biological differences that create variations in personality traits from person to person

70.According to Allport, secondary traits

A)reflect superficial differences between people.

B)compete with primary traits for dominance.

C)are the most pervasive components of personality.

D)are the basic building blocks of personality.

E)have a widespread influence across many situations.