Question : 51. A political science professor attempts to facilitate her students’ completion : 1233714

 

51. 

A political science professor attempts to facilitate her students’ completion of a term paper assignment by requiring to first submit a topic statement, then a list of references, then a draft of the introduction, then, finally, the completed paper. The professor is encouraging her students to use the problem-solving strategy of:

A. 

forming subgoals.

B. 

working backward.

C. 

means-ends analysis.

D. 

trial and error.

52. 

Which problem-solving strategy or method is correctly matched with its definition?

A. 

Means-ends analysis: dividing a problem into intermediate steps

B. 

Forming subgoals: focusing on a problem’s goal rather than its starting point

C. 

Working backward: reducing the apparent difference between the current state of the problem and the goal

D. 

Insight: experiencing a sudden awareness of the relationships among a problem’s components

53. 

Kent and Kirsten are both trying to reduce their consumer debt. Kent isolates several more concrete problems he can solve to achieve his goal, such as paying the highest-interest debts first and freezing credit card spending. Kirsten simply pays her largest debt first because this would seem to be the fastest way to move her debt as close to zero as possible. Kent’s plan reflects the problem-solving strategy of _____, while Kirsten’s method illustrates the strategy of _____.

A. 

forming subgoals; trial and error

B. 

means-end analysis; trial and error

C. 

working backward; means-end analysis

D. 

forming subgoals; means-end analysis

54. 

The study of insight is associated with the German psychologist _____; he studied problem solving among _____.

A. 

Kohler; chimpanzees

B. 

Kohler; humans

C. 

Wundt; cats

D. 

Wundt; humans

55. 

_____ is defined as a sudden awareness of the relationship among problem elements; it is thought to lead rapidly to the problem’s solution.

A. 

Convergent thinking

B. 

Divergent thinking

C. 

Insight

D. 

Creativity

56. 

Which of the following is a key characteristic of insight?

A. 

Brevity

B. 

Complexity

C. 

Uniqueness

D. 

Suddenness

57. 

The apparent suddenness of insightful problem solutions:

A. 

may rest in part on the foundation of trial and error.

B. 

may be based on the availability heuristic.

C. 

has been affirmed by empirical research.

D. 

requires the application of confirmation bias.

58. 

For which of the following types of problems is the evaluation of solutions LEAST likely to prove difficult?

A. 

Well-defined problems

B. 

Ill-defined problems

C. 

Divergent thinking problems

D. 

Associative thinking problems

59. 

Which of the following impediments to effective problem solving is incorrectly matched with an illustrative problem?

A. 

Confirmation bias—problem of security in the Middle East

B. 

Functional fixedness—water jar problem

C. 

Mental set—water jar problem

D. 

Functional fixedness—candle problem

60. 

_____ refers to the tendency of old patterns of problem solving to persist.

A. 

Mental set

B. 

Representativeness heuristic

C. 

Availability heuristic

D. 

Syllogistic frame

 

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