Question :
31.Celia a juror at a trial. Based her reading of : 1231266
31.Celia is a juror at a trial. Based on her reading of newspapers, Celia has already decided that the defendant is guilty. She sticks to her decision even when the defense attorney presents strong contradicting evidence. Celia is demonstrating
A)functional fixedness.
B)mental set.
C)confirmation bias.
D)availability heuristic.
E)representativeness heuristic.
32.A woman who sticks to her belief that her husband is not abusive and discounts evidence of his abusive behavior may be demonstrating
A)functional fixedness.
B)mental set.
C)representativeness heuristic.
D)availability heuristic.
E)confirmation bias.
33.Which cognitive bias best describes our tendency to judge people based on first impressions?
A)confirmation bias
B)the representativeness heuristic
C)the availability heuristic
D)the means-end heuristic
E)divergent thinking
34.Your text mentions a young woman who headed home before finishing a college tour after noticing a student who was wearing unfashionable shoes. This woman was using the representativeness heuristic by assuming that
A)a sample represented the larger population.
B)easily recalled examples represented more prevalent categories.
C)more people agreed with her than actually did.
D)her point of view was unique.
E)her initial hypothesis was correct despite evidence against it.
35.Based on a few interactions with an ethnic group, Darnell has developed a stereotype of that group. Darnell is demonstrating
A)the representativeness heuristic.
B)divergent thinking.
C)the availability heuristic.
D)framing.
E)mental set.
36.The tendency to base decisions on information that most readily comes to mind is
A)framing.
B)mental set.
C)the availability heuristic.
D)the representativeness heuristic.
E)convergent thinking.
37.Most people assume there are more words in the English language that begin with the letter k than have the letter k in the third position. This may be because it is easier to think of words that begin with k and thus may be an example of
A)the availability heuristic.
B)the representativeness heuristic.
C)functional fixedness.
D)mental set.
E)confirmation bias.
38.Regarding creativity, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)Most people have the potential to be creative.
B)Creativity is strongly related to IQ.
C)Creativity makes more use of divergent thinking than convergent thinking.
D)Creativity is a type of cognitive ability.
E)Creativity involves using cognitive processes to manipulate or act upon stored knowledge.
39.Divergent thinking is
A)conceiving of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects.
B)maintaining an initial hypothesis despite contradictory evidence.
C)relying on previous successful strategies to solve a new problem.
D)making decisions based on how easily information comes to mind.
E)narrowing down a range of alternatives to converge on the one correct answer to a problem.
40.Arnold tries to find the single correct solution to his problem. Which mental process is Arnold using?
A)divergent thinking
B)mental set
C)conceptual combinations
D)convergent thinking
E)metaphor
