Question :
91. During her talk, Dr. Ravenscroft discusses her research learning and : 1201943
91. During her talk, Dr. Ravenscroft discusses her research on learning and how the brain creates associations and connections. Most likely, Dr. Ravenscroft has found that association networks can be explained by all of the following except
A. parallel-distributed processing.
B. opponent-process theory.
C. connectionist models.
D. distributed memory and knowledge.
92. Neural network models predict that the weaker the connection between two items, the _____ in connection strength when they are experienced together.
A. smaller the increase
B. greater the decrease
C. greater the increase
D. more likely that there will be no change
93. Learned helplessness involves learning that
A. one has inferior mental abilities.
B. punishment will follow certain behaviors.
C. some habits are difficult to change.
D. there is no relationship between one’s behaviors and their consequences.
94. You find that no matter how much or how little you study for your Spanish course, it never makes any difference in your grade. As a result, you no longer bother to study for Spanish. This is an example of
A. learned helplessness.
B. programmed instruction.
C. avoidance conditioning.
D. escape conditioning.
95. Jerome tried to please his parents by always being good, but whenever Jerome’s older brother, Tom, misbehaved, their parents would punish both Tom and Jerome. Jerome soon stopped trying to please his parents because he didn’t think it would make any difference. This change in Jerome’s behavior is an example of
A. classical conditioning.
B. vicarious conditioning.
C. positive reinforcement.
D. learned helplessness.
96. Cindy has taken the bus to and from school for the past three weeks. Today, however, she misses the bus and has to walk. Cindy has never had to walk to school before, but she makes it to school without a single wrong turn. This demonstrates
A. insight.
B. latent learning.
C. observational learning.
D. vicarious conditioning.
97. When she was young, Nadia’s father told her about a method of traveling in a straight line through a forest so that she could find a way out if lost. Because she was always with her father when hiking, she never had a need to use this information. Many years later, while hiking alone, she did become lost, but she was able to escape the forest by using her father’s technique. This example demonstrates
A. a cognitive map.
B. avoidance conditioning.
C. insight.
D. latent learning.
98. If a research team is going to Chicago to conduct a study on latent learning, they would be most interested in which of the following:
A. A new driver who knows how to get to school by recalling which way the school bus used to take him
B. A street performer who learned to play guitar by watching others
C. A homeless woman who believes she has no control over the outcomes of her life
D. A teacher who has her first grade students solve problems in groups
99. The first time Elizabeth went to her local mall, she had a difficult time finding her way around; but after several visits, she finds it very easy to get where she is going. Elizabeth has
A. developed insight into the layout of the mall.
B. experienced observational learning.
C. developed a cognitive map of the mall.
D. experienced social learning.
100. The police blocked off the road that Carole usually uses to get home from work, so Carole used the next quickest route. Carole easily used the different route because
A. she had developed a cognitive map.
B. she had been negatively reinforced.
C. driving on the new road had become a conditioned response.
D. the new road was an unconditioned stimulus.
