Question : 81. Negativism typically a(n) A. early sign of self-doubt.B. sign of childhood depression.C. sign of : 1198999

81. Negativism is typically a(n) 
A. early sign of self-doubt.
B. sign of childhood depression.
C. sign of self-regulation.
D. expression of the need for autonomy.

82. Which of the following is true with regard to the phase called terrible twos in child development? 
A. It is an abnormal phase in child development seen only in cases of acute parental neglect.
B. It is a universal phenomenon in child development that manifests itself in the same manner across cultures.
C. It is more evident in those cultures that stress upon collectivism and group welfare rather than personal freedom and choice.
D. It is closely associated with the value of individualism and this explains its predominance in the United States.

83. Socialization depends on the _____ of societal standards of conduct. 
A. rejection
B. extinction
C. internalization
D. negation

84. _____ is defined as the emotional discomfort about doing something wrong and the ability to refrain from doing it. 
A. Coercion
B. Mistrust
C. Autonomy
D. Conscience

85. Self-regulation is defined as 
A. a child’s independent control of his/her behavior to conform to social expectations.
B. the process by which infant and caregiver communicate emotional states to each other and respond appropriately.
C. the process of understanding an ambiguous situation by seeking out another person’s perception of it.
D. the process by which children develop an enduring tie with their caregivers.

86. 16-months-old Nancy is about to touch an electric outlet, but then says, “No!” and pulls her finger back. Nancy is demonstrating 
A. negativism.
B. shame and doubt.
C. basic mistrust.
D. self-regulation.

87. Internalization of parental values and rules is most evident in the case of 
A. Norah, who has climbed onto the kitchen counter to reach the cookie jar.
B. Jason, who has returned a box of toys he forcibly took from a classmate after being scolded by his teacher.
C. Marilyn, who has placed her toys back in the toy box before her mother called her to watch cartoons.
D. Rick, who began to open the desks in which his father kept his office papers.

88. A child who is by himself starts to fiddle with his father’s toolbox, even though his father has told him not to. As he is about to reach into the toolbox, he begins to feel guilty and decides to leave the tools alone. The child has developed 
A. situational compliance.
B. negativism.
C. social referencing.
D. a conscience.

89. Phillipe is a model child as long as an adult oversees his activities. When no adult is around, he tends to do all the things his parents have specifically barred him from doing. Which of the following terms would best explain this behavior? 
A. Committed compliance
B. Situational compliance
C. Self-regulation
D. Self-coherence

90. The process by which children learn behavior that their culture considers appropriate for each sex is called 
A. gender-naming.
B. gender-typing.
C. gender continuum.
D. engendering.

91. Which of the following is a broad measurable difference seen between male and female infants in the United States? 
A. Boys’ brains at birth are about 10 percent smaller than girls’ brains.
B. Girls are less reactive to stress and more likely to survive infancy.
C. On an average, boys achieve the major milestones about two months later than girls.
D. Girls are more vulnerable to illness and fatality since conception than boys.

92. Which of the following statements is true of relationships with siblings in infancy and toddlerhood? 
A. Constructive conflict is rarely seen between siblings till they are teenagers.
B. Relationships with siblings are identical in nature and impact to peer relationships.
C. Sibling conflict increases dramatically after the younger child reaches about 18 months of age.
D. Sibling conflict often interferes with children’s ability to learn how to fight, disagree, and compromise.