Question :
41. Which of the following statements about the use of comparative : 1201983
41. Which of the following statements about the use of comparative case studies and problem-solving strategies is not true?
A. The limitations of single case studies have prompted the use of comparative case studies.
B. In comparative case studies, the researcher collects a large number of cases and then looks for common features.
C. The Wright brothers successfully flew the first heavier-than-air flying machine because they used comparative case studies.
D. The comparative case study method suggests that decomposition may have played a role in many major inventions and discoveries.
42. Jasper is trying to figure out how to problem-solve an issue he is having with his computer, but he’s stumped. He is having difficulty generating multiple hypotheses to possibly determine the cause of the problem. According to the textbook, all of the following may explain why Jasper has trouble generating multiple hypotheses except
A. not knowing which hypotheses that come to mind to test and in which order.
B. limitations of his short-term memory capacity.
C. his failure to use the availability and representativeness heuristics.
D. working with too many chunks of information.
43. Melissa enjoys completing the TV Guide crossword puzzles. In the past, whenever the clue was “A long period of time,” the answer was always “eon.” One week, Melissa sees this clue and writes in “eon” without thinking about another possible answer. Later she discovers that the correct answer for the clue that week was “era.” Melissa demonstrated the concept of
A. a neural network.
B. a mental set.
C. functional fixedness.
D. formal reasoning.
44. Robin and Roberta are working on a math problem. Robin keeps trying to use the formula that worked for previous problems, even though it does not apply to the current problem. Roberta is exasperated with Robin and says, “Robin, you are
A. a victim of a mental set.”
B. using the anchoring heuristic.”
C. ignoring negative evidence.”
D. generating algorithms.”
45. Frankie sprained his ankle playing basketball. Unfortunately, he didn’t have any ice in his freezer to make an ice pack. However, he did have a bag of frozen peas, which he used as an ice pack instead. Frankie overcame which obstacle to problem solving?
A. Utility
B. Convergent thinking
C. Functional fixedness
D. Confirmation bias
46. Derek is mowing the lawn when a wheel falls off the lawnmower. Derek cannot find a screwdriver, so he uses the edge of a dime to screw the wheel back on. Derek has overcome which obstacle to problem solving?
A. Decomposition
B. Functional fixedness
C. Confirmation bias
D. Multiple hypotheses
47. When evaluating psychological research, it is important to scrutinize whether the collected data support or refute the original hypothesis. Which of the following errors is an experimenter most likely to make?
A. Ignoring conflicting data and seeing only that which supports the hypothesis
B. Being overly sensitive to conflicting data and refuting the hypothesis too quickly
C. Being a sloppy researcher and missing supportive data
D. Putting too much faith in the absence of evidence
48. Matt believes that all politicians are corrupt. As a result, every time a politician is charged with some crime, Matt asserts that his theory is correct. Matt is exhibiting
A. formal reasoning.
B. functional fixedness.
C. the conversion effect.
D. confirmation bias.
49. Chad has been nauseated all day, and he has vomited on several occasions. When his mother asks him what is wrong, he replies, “I think I have the flu.” Chad fails to notice, however, that his body temperature is normal (a fever usually accompanies the flu). In his response, Chad appears to have ignored
A. functional fixedness.
B. negative evidence.
C. confirmation bias.
D. mental sets.
50. The field of study that seeks to program computers to think and to imitate and understand the products of human perception is known as
A. convergent thinking.
B. formal reasoning.
C. triarchic theory.
D. artificial intelligence.
