Question :
101) The union wage premium refers to the
A) portion of : 1384294
101) The union wage premium refers to the
A) portion of a union wage attributable to fees payable to the union.
B) trade-off the union faces between the level of the wage and the size of the union.
C) higher wage attributable only to the union status of the job.
D) wage that a union is able to set unilaterally.
E) wage that an employer is able to set unilaterally.
102) The purpose of a labour union is to
A) maintain a minimum level of employment.
B) exploit its labour-market power in the same way a monopolist exploits its market power in product markets.
C) exploit its labour-market power in the same way a monopolist exploits its market power in labour markets.
D) increase employment in its industry.
E) decrease employment in its industry.
103) One of the most unionized industries in Canada is
A) agriculture.
B) finance and insurance.
C) real estate.
D) education.
E) non-governmental administrative services.
104) An important unanswered question about the role of unions in developed economies is whether the presence of unions affects long-run productivity. There is some evidence to suggest that the presence of a union
A) increases the human capital of unionized workers, which leads to increased long-run productivity for the firm.
B) reduces the demand for labour and therefore the demand for physical capital.
C) decreases the human capital of unionized workers, and therefore reduces long-run productivity.
D) reduces the level of employment (because of the union-wage premium) and thus raises the marginal product of labour.
E) reduces the expected profitability of installed capital and therefore leads to reduced capital investment by firms.
105) The general theme of the “good jobs-bad jobs” debate is the
A) increasing concentration of jobs in the high-technology sector at the expense of jobs in the manufacturing sector.
B) increase in non-unionized jobs at the expense of union jobs.
C) migration of “good jobs” to foreign competitors.
D) increase in the share of total employment in the service sector and the decline in the share of total employment in the manufacturing sector.
E) increase in the share of total employment in the manufacturing sector and a decline in the share of total employment in the service sector.
106) Given the continuing decline in manufacturing’s share of total employment in Canada and other developed economies, which of the following provides a possible explanation that this phenomenon is a genuine problem?
A) Real disposable income has continued to rise.
B) The decline is partly due to increasing productivity in that sector.
C) Many service jobs are low-wage, part-time, jobs, and many are without benefits.
D) Consumers have an increased demand for services as real income increases.
E) Productivity increases in the service sector are likely underestimated.
107) Some people are concerned that “good” manufacturing jobs are being replaced by “bad” service-sector jobs. Why is this not necessarily a problem?
A) Average real per capita income has continued to rise, despite the rise of the service sector.
B) The decline in manufacturing employment is partly due to increasing productivity in that sector.
C) Productivity increases in the service sector are likely underestimated.
D) Consumers have an increased demand for services as real income increases.
E) all of the above
108) In Canada in 2011, the share of total employment in agriculture was about
A) 50%.
B) 20%.
C) 10%
D) 2%.
E) 0.2%.
109) In Canada in 2011, the share of total employment in the service sector was
A) less than 10%.
B) about 25%.
C) about 50%.
D) over 75%.
E) over 90%.
110) With regard to the “good jobs-bad jobs” debate, why is the categorization of manufacturing jobs as “good jobs” and service-sector jobs as “bad jobs” not necessarily accurate?
A) Because all service-sector jobs have experienced large gains in productivity over the past two decades and an associated rise in wages.
B) Because all manufacturing jobs have experienced a decline in real wages over the past two decades.
C) Because many service-sector jobs require highly skilled workers and are highly paid.
D) Because all manufacturing jobs have experienced declines in productivity over the past two decades and an associated increase in wages.
E) Because all service-sector jobs are preferable to manufacturing jobs.
