Question :
21. According to Freud, penis envy and the Oedipus complex experienced : 1246161
21. According to Freud, penis envy and the Oedipus complex is experienced during which of the following psychosexual stages of development?
A. Oral
B. Anal
C. Phallic
D. Latency
22. Freud’s view that gender differences in personality development are due to anatomical differences between males and females was criticized by Karen Horney primarily for _____.
A. ignoring cultural and environmental influences on personality development
B. underestimating cognitive differences between males and females
C. dismissing the importance of parenting style on personality development
D. overestimating intelligence differences between males and females
23. Which of the following statements was made by Freud’s critics on his ideas about sexuality, early experience, social factors, and the unconscious mind?
A. The ego and conscious thought processes do not play a dominant role in our personality as Freud believed.
B. Personality is set by age 1.
C. The first five years of life are not as powerful in shaping adult personality as Freud thought.
D. Biological basis of personality is much more important than Freud thought.
24. Freud believed that the prime motive in human existence is _____, Karen Horney believed that the prime motive in human existence is _____.
A. security/sex
B. sex/security
C. self-actualization/unconditional positive regard
D. sex/self-actualization
25. According to Jung, the deepest, impersonal layer of the conscious mind that is shared by all humans is called the _____.
A. primal memory
B. id
C. collective unconscious
D. normative unconscious
26. According to Jung, the collective unconscious contains _____.
A. archetypes
B. the id
C. positive regard
D. self-actualization
27. Jung used the term _____ to refer to the “feminine” side of our personality and the term _____ to refer to the “masculine” side of our personality.
A. animus/anima
B. anima/animus
C. mandala/persona
D. persona/mandala
28. At home Carrie was moody, self-centered, and bossy. At social events, Carrie was the life of the party. She was funny, happy, and demonstrated social graces that none of her family ever saw at home. What is Jung’s explanation of Carrie’s behavior?
A. Carrie adopted her persona at parties.
B. Carrie became her mandala at parties.
C. Carrie was her anima at home.
D. Carrie was her archetype at home.
29. Alfred Adler would be most likely to endorse which of the following explanations for human behavior?
A. People are primarily motivated by their desires to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
B. People are primarily motivated by factors of which they are not consciously aware.
C. People are primarily motivated by their desire to overcome perceived shortcomings.
D. People are primarily motivated by sexual and aggressive instincts.
30. Adler’s view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life is known as _____.
A. individual psychology
B. humanistic theory
C. trait theory
D. social cognitive theory
