Question :
31. Many people believe that there more deaths in the United : 1201982
31. Many people believe that there are more deaths in the United States each year due to tornadoes than deaths due to asthma, even though asthma kills more people. This mistaken belief is due in part to the reports of tornadoes being more vivid. This is an example of how our judgments are affected by
A. the availability heuristic.
B. the representativeness heuristic.
C. the confirmation bias.
D. loss aversion.
32. Dorie’s computer screen displays an error message when she tries to print her term paper. The last time Dorie saw this error message, the printer was out of toner. Dorie assumes this is the case again, and so she fails to recognize that the real problem is that the printer is unplugged. This is an example of
A. an erroneous proposition.
B. functional fixedness.
C. the availability heuristic.
D. the representativeness heuristic.
33. Belinda wants to record a rock album but doesn’t know how to begin. Her friend Carlyle says, “I think you should start by deciding whom you’d like to work with, and once you figure that out, decide what the next step will be.” Carlyle is suggesting the use of which problem solving strategy?
A. Working backward
B. Means-end analysis
C. Incubation
D. Finding analogies
34. A twenty-page paper is required for your history class. You begin the paper by finding appropriate sources in the library, then you write an outline, then you write note cards for each section of your outline, citing relevant sources. You continue writing the paper in sections, until it is finally finished—a masterpiece! This example best illustrates
A. working backward.
B. means-end analysis.
C. incubation.
D. analogies.
35. Adam and Mike are playing chess. Adam sees that he can win by getting his queen to a particular space. Before he can accomplish that goal, he must get Mike to move the piece that is occupying that space. He sees that he can force Mike to move the piece if he makes a particular move now, which he does. Adam is _____ to solve this problem.
A. using heuristics
B. making analogies
C. working backward
D. using incubation
36. Cher is trying to plan her dad’s fiftieth birthday party and is feeling overwhelmed by all the tasks and decisions involved. She decides to start with her final goal of having a surprise party, then consider the location, then figure out how to get her father to the place without arousing his suspicions, then decide how many people to invite, and finally create the invitations and order the right amount of food. Cher has solved her problem by
A. using an analogy.
B. working backward.
C. overcoming her mental set.
D. ignoring negative evidence.
37. During a recent camping trip, an argument arose about how to prevent bears from getting into the food supplies. Reggie said, “This is just like the time we were having a barbecue at a local park and this mutt-of-a-dog kept trying to steal our steaks. This is what we did. . . .” Reggie’s solution was found through the use of
A. incubation.
B. means-end analysis.
C. an analogy.
D. a mental set.
38. Tara has a long paper due at the end of the semester. Trying to decide how to approach it best, she realizes that it is similar to a big science project she did in high school. With that idea in mind, she begins to tackle the paper. What problem-solving strategy did Tara use?
A. Means-end analysis
B. Proposition
C. Finding analogies
D. Incubation
39. Hubie is taking his math final. He cannot think of the answer to question 17. After thinking for several minutes, he decides that he will just have to give up, and he turns in the test. Later that afternoon he suddenly realizes what the correct answer was to the question. This is an example of
A. means-end analysis.
B. the anchoring heuristic.
C. the gambler’s fallacy.
D. incubation.
40. Gerard read the same problem in his physics book over and over, trying to understand one specific concept. Because it was getting late, he decided to give up for the night and go to sleep. In the morning, Gerard took one look at the problem and knew exactly how to solve it. This is an example of
A. functional fixedness.
B. the anchoring heuristic.
C. incubation.
D. means-end analysis.
