21. Which perspective below is CORRECTLY matched with its description?
A. Structuralism; emphasized what the mind does
B. Functionalism; emphasized the elements of mental experience
C. Humanism; emphasized the unconscious determinants of behavior
D. Gestalt psychology; emphasized the organization of perception
22. Donna-Lynn is preparing a visual display of psychology's early history. One panel is headed "The Gay '90s." It portrays developments in the 1890s. Another panel is titled "The Roaring '20s." It is devoted to the 1920s. Which theoretical perspectives in psychology should appear in each of these panels?
A. Gay '90s: functionalism; Roaring '20s: Gestalt psychology
B. Gay '90s: behaviorism; Roaring '20s: structuralism
C. Gay '90s: functionalism; Roaring '20s: behaviorism
D. Gay '90s: Gestalt psychology; Roaring '20s: structuralism
23. Which of the following figures best approximates the number of major perspectives in psychology?
A. One or two
B. About five
C. A dozen or so
D. As many as there are psychologists
24. The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions is known as the _____ perspective.
A. psychodynamic
B. nature-nurture
C. cognitive
D. neuroscience
25. The neuroscience perspective:
A. suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior.
B. focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world.
C. considers how people and nonhumans function biologically.
D. argues that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control.
26. Which contemporary perspective is CORRECTLY matched with its description?
A. Psychodynamic perspective; emphasizes automatic response of the individual to the environmental stimuli
B. Humanistic perspective; emphasizes how people know, understand, and think about the world
C. Behavioral perspective; emphasizes observable behavior and objectivity
D. Neuroscience perspective; emphasizes that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control.
27. Noreen asserts that our behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control. This viewpoint is most consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology.
A. psychodynamic
B. humanistic
C. cognitive
D. neuroscience
28. To many people who have never taken a psychology course, psychology begins and ends with the _____ perspective.
A. neuroscience
B. behavioral
C. cognitive
D. psychodynamic
29. Contributions of the psychodynamic perspective include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. a way to understand and treat certain types of psychological disorders.
B. a way to understand such phenomena as prejudice and aggression.
C. a revolutionary effect on 20th-century thinking not only in psychology but in related fields as well.
D. a way to look at behavior in a more concrete, objective fashion.
30. Penny is a recovering drug addict. Her treatment program emphasizes the influence of her environment—"people, places, and things"—on her use of her drug of choice. Her program reflects the _____ perspective in psychology.
A. psychodynamic
B. behavioral
C. cognitive
D. neuroscience
