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In this week’s discussion post I will be presenting information to you as a marketing manager, working at a ready-to-eat breakfast cereal company.  Our company recently initiated a loyalty program for our consumers and created a robust purchaser database.  In this post I will be assessing how the appropriate use of hypothesis testing would validate cross-region purchases differences.  I will explain the goal of said hypothesis testing experiment.  I will describe the hypothesis testing process mechanics. And finally, I will explain why the organization would go through the hypothesis testing in this particular situation.

How does one assess how appropriate use of hypothesis testing would validate cross-region purchases differences?  According to Lisa Sullivan, PhD, a professor of bio-statistics at Boston University School of Public Health, there are five steps involved during a hypothesis testing. They are as follows; step one is set up and select a level of significance, step two is choosing the right test statistic, step three is creating the decision rule, step four is computing the test statistic, and step five is to find a conclusion (Lisa Sullivan, 2022). When attempting to test a theory as to cross check opposite regions within the country for purchase differences, the correct hypothesis is necessary for a cost-effective budget and financial accounting, in order to ensure continue increased profit margins.  This proposal needs to be airtight in its approach and following the above steps would ensure the most appropriate outcome.

Now to give an explanation of the goal of said hypothesis testing experiment. According to Roger B. Davis and Kenneth J. Mukamal of the Circulation Journal, the goal of a hypothesis testing experiment is to make a conclusion about a particular population based off the data gained from a sample of said population, in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence gathered, which provide a framework for making executive decisions related to that population (Davis & Mukamal, 2006).  For this particular testing experiment my ready-to-eat breakfast company would like to design more effective promotional programs in order to reach a greater population throughout the country in all four regions. The main goal is to conduct a hypothesis experiment with the most level of significance with greater validity strength. This strength will ensure a firm direction in promotional cost savings.

Let me describe the hypothesis test process mechanics.  According to Jason Walker, a consultant anesthetist at Ysbyty Gwynedd Hospital, to test a null hypothesis, you must gather information (sample of a population) and gauge its strength based off mathematical formulas. First, we must decide two independent population samples, creating the null hypothesis.  Second, we must calculate the probability of the null hypothesis, either it is true or false.  This probability would be known as a p-value, which is a number between 0 and 1. Zero would indicate impossible outcome, and one would indicate the hypothesis is certain to be true. This numerical outcome would determine the actual strength of the evidence. And Finally, depending on the strength of evidence, the person in charge of the experiment would be able to conclude if the null hypothesis is correct or false (Walker, 2019).

Why would the organization go through the hypothesis testing in this particular situation?  Well, according to Tim Stobierski, a contributor of Analytics, Business Analytics, data-driven decision-making elements add several benefits to any organization or company, allowing an individual/s to seek out new positive opportunities and avoid possible threats (Stobierski, 2021).  In Business, making decisions based off flawed thinking or observations lead to misused resources, unseen potential opportunities, and fatal outcomes.  Hypothesis testing in business ensures a professional’s proposals and ideas are sound before implementing them into action. Hence ensuring the decision has a positive and profitable outcome measurement.

As you have read, I have assessed how the appropriate use of hypothesis testing would validate cross-region purchases differences.  I have explained the goal of said hypothesis testing experiment.  I have described the hypothesis testing process mechanics. And finally, I have explained why the organization would go through the hypothesis testing in this particular situation, in order to ensure my ready-to-eat breakfast company designed a more effective promotional programs in order to reach a greater population throughout the country in all four regions. All of this is to lead to higher profit margins with decrease overhead cost.

Thank you,

Resources:

Davis, R., & Mukamal, K. (2006, September 5). Hypothesis Testing. Retrieved from www.ahajournal.org: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circulationaha.105.586461

Lisa Sullivan, P. (2022, March 10). Hypothesis Testing for Means and Proportions. Retrieved from www.sphweb.bumc.bu.edu: https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/bs/bs704_hypothesistest-means-proportions/bs704_hypothesistest-means-proportions_print.html

Stobierski, T. (2021, March 30). A Beginner’s Guide to Hypothesis Testing in Business. Retrieved from Harvard Business School Online: https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/hypothesis-testing

Walker, J. (2019, May 14). Hypothesis tests. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nim.nih: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7807926/

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July 1, 2023
    

Question 1 of 40
z = 1.8 for Ha: µ > claimed value. What is the P-value for the test?  
A. 0.9641
B. 3.59
C. 96.41
D. 0.0359
Question 2 of 40
A nationwide study of American homeowners revealed that 65% have one or more lawn mowers. A lawn equipment manufacturer, located in Omaha, feels the estimate is too low for households in Omaha. Find the P-value for a test of the claim that the proportion with lawn mowers in Omaha is higher than 65%. Among 497 randomly selected homes in Omaha, 340 had one or more lawn mowers. Use Table 5.1 to find the best answer.
A. 0.0559
B. 0.1118
C. 0.0252
D. 0.0505
Question 3 of 40
A right-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the following z-scores is the smallest one in absolute value that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?  
A. 1.61
B. 1.85
C. -1.98
D. -2.06
Question 4 of 40
A study of a brand of “in the shell peanuts” gives the following results:
A significant event at the 0.01 level is a fan getting a bag with how many peanuts?
A. 30 peanuts
B. 25 or 30 peanuts
C. 25 or 55 peanuts
D. 25 peanuts
Question 5 of 40
The principal of a middle school claims that annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at his school vary more than the annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at a neighboring school, which have variation described by s = $13,700. Assume that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion of the test was to reject the null hypothesis. Identify the population to which the results of the test apply.
A. The current seventh graders at the principal’s school
B. Seventh graders’ families at the school with a standard deviation of $13,700
C. All of the families of the class of seventh graders at the principal’s school
D. All seventh graders’ families
Question 6 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. What is the P-value required to reject the null hypothesis?
A. Greater than or equal to 0.10
B. Less than or equal to 0.05
C. Less than or equal to 0.10
D. Greater than or equal to 0.05
Question 7 of 40
A consumer advocacy group claims that the mean amount of juice in a 16
ounce bottled drink is not 16 ounces, as stated by the bottler.
Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ < 16 ounces
B. H0: µ ¹ 16 ounces Ha: µ = 16 ounces
C. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ > 16 ounces
D. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ ¹ 16 ounces
Question 8 of 40
A long-distance telephone company claims that the mean duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was greater than 9.4 minutes, which is the average for the state. Determine the conclusion of the hypothesis test assuming that the results of the sampling do not lead to rejection of the null hypothesis.
A. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is less than 9.4 minutes.
B. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
C. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is equal to 9.4 minutes.
D. Conclusion: Do not support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
Question 9 of 40
A consumer group claims that the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery is not the same as the manufacturer’s claims. Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ < Manufacturer’s claims
B. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims
C. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ > Manufacturer’s claims
D. H0: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ = Manufacturer’s claims
Question 10 of 40
In 1990, the average duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was 9.4 minutes. A long-distance telephone company wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average duration of long-distance phone calls has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes. The mean duration for a random sample of 50 calls originating in the town was 8.6 minutes. Does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean call duration, µ, is different from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.01. Assume that s = 4.8 minutes.
A. With a z of -1.2 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean
value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
B. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude
that the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
C. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that
the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
D. With a z of –1.2 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the
mean value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.

Question 11 of 40
A researcher claims that the amounts of acetaminophen in a certain brand of cold tablets have a mean different from the 600 mg claimed by the manufacturer. Test this claim at the 0.02 level of significance. The mean acetaminophen content for a random sample of n = 41 tablets is 603.3 mg. Assume that the population standard deviation is 4.9 mg.
A. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is 600 mg.
B. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
C. Since the test statistic is less than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
D. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
Question 12 of 40
A poll of 1,068 adult Americans reveals that 52% of the voters surveyed prefer the Democratic candidate for the presidency. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that more than half of all voters prefer the Democrat.
A. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
B. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
C. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
Question 13 of 40
A manufacturer claims that the mean amount of juice in its 16 ounce bottles is 16.1 ounces. A consumer advocacy group wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean amount is actually less than this. The mean volume of juice for a random sample of 70 bottles was 15.94 ounces. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice for all 16-ounce bottles, µ, is less than 16.1 ounces? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.10. Assume that s = 0.9 ounces.  
A. The z of - 1.49 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
B. The z of - 1.49 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
C. The z of - 0.1778 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
D. The z of - 0.1778 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
Question 14 of 40
In the past, the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery has been 9.8 hours. The manufacturer has introduced a change in the production method and wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean running time has increased as a result. The hypotheses are:
H0 : µ = 9.8 hours
Ha : µ > 9.8 hours
Suppose that the results of the sampling lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion as a Type I error, a Type II error, or a correct decision, if in fact the mean running time has not increased.
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Correct decision
D. Can not be determined from this information
Question 15 of 40
The owner of a football team claims that the average attendance at home games is over 3000, and he is therefore justified in moving the team to a city with a larger stadium. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
B. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is equal to 3000.
C. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
D. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is less than 3000.
Question 16 of 40
A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen a UFO is less than 1 in every one thousand. State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis for a test of significance.
A. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p > 0.001
B. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p < 0.001
C. H0: p > 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
D. H0: p < 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
Question 17 of 40
At one school, the mean amount of time that tenth-graders spend watching television each week is 18.4 hours. The principal introduces a campaign to encourage the students to watch less television. One year later, the principal wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average amount of time spent watching television per week has decreased.
Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for the study described.
A. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ ¹ 18.4 hours
B. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
C. Ho: µ ³ 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
D. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ > 18.4 hours
Question 18 of 40
without computing a P-value, determine whether the alternate hypothesis is supported and give a reason for your conclusion.
A. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
B. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.
C. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
D. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.

Question 19 of 40
A psychologist claims that more than 29 percent of the professional population suffers from problems due to extreme shyness. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is less than 29 percent.
B. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
C. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is equal to 29 percent.
D. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
Question 20 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the z-scores below is the smallest one that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?
A. 1.12
B. 1.48
C. 1.84
D. 2.15

Question 21 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 4.613, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Do not Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Do not Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 22 of 40
A large test statistic F tells us that the sample means __________ the data within the individual samples, which would be unlikely if the populations means really were equal (as the null hypothesis claims).
A. differ more than
B. differ less than
C. are equal to
D. do not vary with
Question 23 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 24.8. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.4
B. 4.6
C. 4.8
D. 5.0

Question 24 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 3.427, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Do not reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Do not reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 25 of 40
The margin of error in estimating the population mean of a normal population is E = 9.3 when the sample size is 15. If the sample size had been 18 and the sample standard deviation did not change, would the margin of error be larger or smaller than 9.3? Explain your answer.
A. Smaller. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
B. Smaller. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
C. Larger. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
D. Larger. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.

Question 26 of 40
The following data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.
A B C
34 27 19
26 23 31
31 29 22
28 21 22
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether the groups A, B, and C are independent.
B. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population means of the three groups are equal.
C. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population variances of the three groups are equal.
D. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the sample means of the three groups are equal.
Question 27 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
B. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
C. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
D. The p distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the sample mean whenever the sample size is small.
Question 28 of 40
The __________ test statistic is for the one-way analysis of variance.
A. P-Value
B. t
C. F
D. p
Question 29 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
B. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
C. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
D. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
Question 30 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
If gender and colorblindness are independent, find the expected values corresponding to the four combinations of gender and colorblindness, and enter them in the following table along with row and column totals.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male
Female
Total
A. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 54.0
B. Male Colorblind 7.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
C. Male Colorblind 8.0; Male Not Colorblind 52.0
D. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
Question 31 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the information above.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 32 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 170 yards when hit with his 6-iron with a club head speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 12 times at the required speed. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this test.
A. H0: µ > 170; Ha: µ = 170
B. H0: µ < 170; Ha: µ = 170
C. H0: µ = 170; Ha: µ > 170
D. H0: µ = 160; Ha: µ > 160

Question 33 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 180 yards when hit with his 5-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 7 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 184.2 yards and a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below.
Area in one tail
0.025 0.05
Area in two tails
Degrees of
Freedom
n - 1 0.05 0.10
6 2.447 1.943
7 2.365 1.895
8 2.306 1.860
9 2.262 1.833
A. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
C. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.

Question 34 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the test associated with this data.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 35 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 17.6 < µ < 23.6. What is the margin of error?
A. 2.0
B. 2.7
C. 3.0
D. 4.0

Question 36 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
Find the value of the X2 statistic for the data above.
A. 1.325
B. 1.318
C. 1.286
D. 1.264
            None of the above answer choices is correct. This has been a chronic issue
            with this problem set.
Question 37 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 160 yards when hit with his 7-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 8 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 163.2 yards with a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below to solve this problem.
A. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient
evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data does provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
C. t= 1.2334; Critical value = 1.992
D. Insufficient information to answer this question.
Question 38 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 25.2. What is the margin of error?
A. 3.9
B. 4.8
C. 4.9
D. 3.7
Question 39 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 13.2 < µ < 22.4. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.6
B. 4.4
C. 4.2
D. 5.6
Question 40 of 40
A simple random sample from a normal distribution is taken in order to obtain a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. If the sample size is 8, the sample mean x̄ is 22, and the sample standard deviation s is 6.3, what is the margin of error? Show your answer to 2 decimal places.
A. df = 7; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
B. df = 8; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
C. df = 6; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.769
D. df = 7; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.869

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July 1, 2023
    

Question 1 of 40
z = 1.8 for Ha: µ > claimed value. What is the P-value for the test?  
A. 0.9641
B. 3.59
C. 96.41
D. 0.0359
Question 2 of 40
A nationwide study of American homeowners revealed that 65% have one or more lawn mowers. A lawn equipment manufacturer, located in Omaha, feels the estimate is too low for households in Omaha. Find the P-value for a test of the claim that the proportion with lawn mowers in Omaha is higher than 65%. Among 497 randomly selected homes in Omaha, 340 had one or more lawn mowers. Use Table 5.1 to find the best answer.
A. 0.0559
B. 0.1118
C. 0.0252
D. 0.0505
Question 3 of 40
A right-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the following z-scores is the smallest one in absolute value that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?  
A. 1.61
B. 1.85
C. -1.98
D. -2.06
Question 4 of 40
A study of a brand of “in the shell peanuts” gives the following results:
A significant event at the 0.01 level is a fan getting a bag with how many peanuts?
A. 30 peanuts
B. 25 or 30 peanuts
C. 25 or 55 peanuts
D. 25 peanuts
Question 5 of 40
The principal of a middle school claims that annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at his school vary more than the annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at a neighboring school, which have variation described by s = $13,700. Assume that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion of the test was to reject the null hypothesis. Identify the population to which the results of the test apply.
A. The current seventh graders at the principal’s school
B. Seventh graders’ families at the school with a standard deviation of $13,700
C. All of the families of the class of seventh graders at the principal’s school
D. All seventh graders’ families
Question 6 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. What is the P-value required to reject the null hypothesis?
A. Greater than or equal to 0.10
B. Less than or equal to 0.05
C. Less than or equal to 0.10
D. Greater than or equal to 0.05
Question 7 of 40
A consumer advocacy group claims that the mean amount of juice in a 16
ounce bottled drink is not 16 ounces, as stated by the bottler.
Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ < 16 ounces
B. H0: µ ¹ 16 ounces Ha: µ = 16 ounces
C. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ > 16 ounces
D. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ ¹ 16 ounces
Question 8 of 40
A long-distance telephone company claims that the mean duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was greater than 9.4 minutes, which is the average for the state. Determine the conclusion of the hypothesis test assuming that the results of the sampling do not lead to rejection of the null hypothesis.
A. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is less than 9.4 minutes.
B. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
C. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is equal to 9.4 minutes.
D. Conclusion: Do not support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
Question 9 of 40
A consumer group claims that the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery is not the same as the manufacturer’s claims. Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ < Manufacturer’s claims
B. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims
C. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ > Manufacturer’s claims
D. H0: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ = Manufacturer’s claims
Question 10 of 40
In 1990, the average duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was 9.4 minutes. A long-distance telephone company wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average duration of long-distance phone calls has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes. The mean duration for a random sample of 50 calls originating in the town was 8.6 minutes. Does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean call duration, µ, is different from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.01. Assume that s = 4.8 minutes.
A. With a z of -1.2 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean
value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
B. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude
that the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
C. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that
the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
D. With a z of –1.2 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the
mean value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.

Question 11 of 40
A researcher claims that the amounts of acetaminophen in a certain brand of cold tablets have a mean different from the 600 mg claimed by the manufacturer. Test this claim at the 0.02 level of significance. The mean acetaminophen content for a random sample of n = 41 tablets is 603.3 mg. Assume that the population standard deviation is 4.9 mg.
A. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is 600 mg.
B. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
C. Since the test statistic is less than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
D. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
Question 12 of 40
A poll of 1,068 adult Americans reveals that 52% of the voters surveyed prefer the Democratic candidate for the presidency. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that more than half of all voters prefer the Democrat.
A. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
B. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
C. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
Question 13 of 40
A manufacturer claims that the mean amount of juice in its 16 ounce bottles is 16.1 ounces. A consumer advocacy group wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean amount is actually less than this. The mean volume of juice for a random sample of 70 bottles was 15.94 ounces. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice for all 16-ounce bottles, µ, is less than 16.1 ounces? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.10. Assume that s = 0.9 ounces.  
A. The z of - 1.49 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
B. The z of - 1.49 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
C. The z of - 0.1778 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
D. The z of - 0.1778 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
Question 14 of 40
In the past, the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery has been 9.8 hours. The manufacturer has introduced a change in the production method and wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean running time has increased as a result. The hypotheses are:
H0 : µ = 9.8 hours
Ha : µ > 9.8 hours
Suppose that the results of the sampling lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion as a Type I error, a Type II error, or a correct decision, if in fact the mean running time has not increased.
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Correct decision
D. Can not be determined from this information
Question 15 of 40
The owner of a football team claims that the average attendance at home games is over 3000, and he is therefore justified in moving the team to a city with a larger stadium. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
B. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is equal to 3000.
C. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
D. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is less than 3000.
Question 16 of 40
A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen a UFO is less than 1 in every one thousand. State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis for a test of significance.
A. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p > 0.001
B. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p < 0.001
C. H0: p > 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
D. H0: p < 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
Question 17 of 40
At one school, the mean amount of time that tenth-graders spend watching television each week is 18.4 hours. The principal introduces a campaign to encourage the students to watch less television. One year later, the principal wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average amount of time spent watching television per week has decreased.
Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for the study described.
A. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ ¹ 18.4 hours
B. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
C. Ho: µ ³ 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
D. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ > 18.4 hours
Question 18 of 40
without computing a P-value, determine whether the alternate hypothesis is supported and give a reason for your conclusion.
A. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
B. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.
C. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
D. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.

Question 19 of 40
A psychologist claims that more than 29 percent of the professional population suffers from problems due to extreme shyness. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is less than 29 percent.
B. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
C. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is equal to 29 percent.
D. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
Question 20 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the z-scores below is the smallest one that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?
A. 1.12
B. 1.48
C. 1.84
D. 2.15

Question 21 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 4.613, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Do not Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Do not Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 22 of 40
A large test statistic F tells us that the sample means __________ the data within the individual samples, which would be unlikely if the populations means really were equal (as the null hypothesis claims).
A. differ more than
B. differ less than
C. are equal to
D. do not vary with
Question 23 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 24.8. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.4
B. 4.6
C. 4.8
D. 5.0

Question 24 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 3.427, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Do not reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Do not reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 25 of 40
The margin of error in estimating the population mean of a normal population is E = 9.3 when the sample size is 15. If the sample size had been 18 and the sample standard deviation did not change, would the margin of error be larger or smaller than 9.3? Explain your answer.
A. Smaller. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
B. Smaller. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
C. Larger. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
D. Larger. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.

Question 26 of 40
The following data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.
A B C
34 27 19
26 23 31
31 29 22
28 21 22
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether the groups A, B, and C are independent.
B. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population means of the three groups are equal.
C. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population variances of the three groups are equal.
D. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the sample means of the three groups are equal.
Question 27 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
B. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
C. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
D. The p distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the sample mean whenever the sample size is small.
Question 28 of 40
The __________ test statistic is for the one-way analysis of variance.
A. P-Value
B. t
C. F
D. p
Question 29 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
B. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
C. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
D. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
Question 30 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
If gender and colorblindness are independent, find the expected values corresponding to the four combinations of gender and colorblindness, and enter them in the following table along with row and column totals.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male
Female
Total
A. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 54.0
B. Male Colorblind 7.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
C. Male Colorblind 8.0; Male Not Colorblind 52.0
D. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
Question 31 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the information above.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 32 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 170 yards when hit with his 6-iron with a club head speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 12 times at the required speed. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this test.
A. H0: µ > 170; Ha: µ = 170
B. H0: µ < 170; Ha: µ = 170
C. H0: µ = 170; Ha: µ > 170
D. H0: µ = 160; Ha: µ > 160

Question 33 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 180 yards when hit with his 5-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 7 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 184.2 yards and a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below.
Area in one tail
0.025 0.05
Area in two tails
Degrees of
Freedom
n - 1 0.05 0.10
6 2.447 1.943
7 2.365 1.895
8 2.306 1.860
9 2.262 1.833
A. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
C. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.

Question 34 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the test associated with this data.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 35 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 17.6 < µ < 23.6. What is the margin of error?
A. 2.0
B. 2.7
C. 3.0
D. 4.0

Question 36 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
Find the value of the X2 statistic for the data above.
A. 1.325
B. 1.318
C. 1.286
D. 1.264
            None of the above answer choices is correct. This has been a chronic issue
            with this problem set.
Question 37 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 160 yards when hit with his 7-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 8 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 163.2 yards with a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below to solve this problem.
A. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient
evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data does provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
C. t= 1.2334; Critical value = 1.992
D. Insufficient information to answer this question.
Question 38 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 25.2. What is the margin of error?
A. 3.9
B. 4.8
C. 4.9
D. 3.7
Question 39 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 13.2 < µ < 22.4. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.6
B. 4.4
C. 4.2
D. 5.6
Question 40 of 40
A simple random sample from a normal distribution is taken in order to obtain a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. If the sample size is 8, the sample mean x̄ is 22, and the sample standard deviation s is 6.3, what is the margin of error? Show your answer to 2 decimal places.
A. df = 7; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
B. df = 8; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
C. df = 6; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.769
D. df = 7; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.869

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July 1, 2023
    

Question 1 of 40
z = 1.8 for Ha: µ > claimed value. What is the P-value for the test?  
A. 0.9641
B. 3.59
C. 96.41
D. 0.0359
Question 2 of 40
A nationwide study of American homeowners revealed that 65% have one or more lawn mowers. A lawn equipment manufacturer, located in Omaha, feels the estimate is too low for households in Omaha. Find the P-value for a test of the claim that the proportion with lawn mowers in Omaha is higher than 65%. Among 497 randomly selected homes in Omaha, 340 had one or more lawn mowers. Use Table 5.1 to find the best answer.
A. 0.0559
B. 0.1118
C. 0.0252
D. 0.0505
Question 3 of 40
A right-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the following z-scores is the smallest one in absolute value that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?  
A. 1.61
B. 1.85
C. -1.98
D. -2.06
Question 4 of 40
A study of a brand of “in the shell peanuts” gives the following results:
A significant event at the 0.01 level is a fan getting a bag with how many peanuts?
A. 30 peanuts
B. 25 or 30 peanuts
C. 25 or 55 peanuts
D. 25 peanuts
Question 5 of 40
The principal of a middle school claims that annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at his school vary more than the annual incomes of the families of the seventh-graders at a neighboring school, which have variation described by s = $13,700. Assume that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion of the test was to reject the null hypothesis. Identify the population to which the results of the test apply.
A. The current seventh graders at the principal’s school
B. Seventh graders’ families at the school with a standard deviation of $13,700
C. All of the families of the class of seventh graders at the principal’s school
D. All seventh graders’ families
Question 6 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. What is the P-value required to reject the null hypothesis?
A. Greater than or equal to 0.10
B. Less than or equal to 0.05
C. Less than or equal to 0.10
D. Greater than or equal to 0.05
Question 7 of 40
A consumer advocacy group claims that the mean amount of juice in a 16
ounce bottled drink is not 16 ounces, as stated by the bottler.
Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ < 16 ounces
B. H0: µ ¹ 16 ounces Ha: µ = 16 ounces
C. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ > 16 ounces
D. H0: µ = 16 ounces Ha: µ ¹ 16 ounces
Question 8 of 40
A long-distance telephone company claims that the mean duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was greater than 9.4 minutes, which is the average for the state. Determine the conclusion of the hypothesis test assuming that the results of the sampling do not lead to rejection of the null hypothesis.
A. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is less than 9.4 minutes.
B. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
C. Conclusion: Support the claim that the mean is equal to 9.4 minutes.
D. Conclusion: Do not support the claim that the mean is greater than 9.4 minutes.
Question 9 of 40
A consumer group claims that the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery is not the same as the manufacturer’s claims. Determine the null and alternative hypotheses for the test described.
A. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ < Manufacturer’s claims
B. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims
C. H0: µ = Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ > Manufacturer’s claims
D. H0: µ ¹ Manufacturer’s claims Ha: µ = Manufacturer’s claims
Question 10 of 40
In 1990, the average duration of long-distance telephone calls originating in one town was 9.4 minutes. A long-distance telephone company wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average duration of long-distance phone calls has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes. The mean duration for a random sample of 50 calls originating in the town was 8.6 minutes. Does the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean call duration, µ, is different from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.01. Assume that s = 4.8 minutes.
A. With a z of -1.2 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean
value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
B. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude
that the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
C. With a P-value of 0.2302 there is sufficient evidence to conclude that
the mean value is less than the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.
D. With a z of –1.2 there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the
mean value has changed from the 1990 mean of 9.4 minutes.

Question 11 of 40
A researcher claims that the amounts of acetaminophen in a certain brand of cold tablets have a mean different from the 600 mg claimed by the manufacturer. Test this claim at the 0.02 level of significance. The mean acetaminophen content for a random sample of n = 41 tablets is 603.3 mg. Assume that the population standard deviation is 4.9 mg.
A. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to accept the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is 600 mg.
B. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
C. Since the test statistic is less than the critical z, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
D. Since the test statistic is greater than the critical z, there is insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and to support the claim that the mean content of acetaminophen is not 600 mg.
Question 12 of 40
A poll of 1,068 adult Americans reveals that 52% of the voters surveyed prefer the Democratic candidate for the presidency. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that more than half of all voters prefer the Democrat.
A. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
B. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
C. Reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is sufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. Conclude that there is insufficient evidence that more than half of all voters prefer Democrats.
Question 13 of 40
A manufacturer claims that the mean amount of juice in its 16 ounce bottles is 16.1 ounces. A consumer advocacy group wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean amount is actually less than this. The mean volume of juice for a random sample of 70 bottles was 15.94 ounces. Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice for all 16-ounce bottles, µ, is less than 16.1 ounces? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using a significance level of 0.10. Assume that s = 0.9 ounces.  
A. The z of - 1.49 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
B. The z of - 1.49 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
C. The z of - 0.1778 does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
D. The z of - 0.1778 provides sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean amount of juice is less than 16.1 oz.
Question 14 of 40
In the past, the mean running time for a certain type of flashlight battery has been 9.8 hours. The manufacturer has introduced a change in the production method and wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the mean running time has increased as a result. The hypotheses are:
H0 : µ = 9.8 hours
Ha : µ > 9.8 hours
Suppose that the results of the sampling lead to rejection of the null hypothesis. Classify that conclusion as a Type I error, a Type II error, or a correct decision, if in fact the mean running time has not increased.
A. Type I error
B. Type II error
C. Correct decision
D. Can not be determined from this information
Question 15 of 40
The owner of a football team claims that the average attendance at home games is over 3000, and he is therefore justified in moving the team to a city with a larger stadium. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
B. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is equal to 3000.
C. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is greater than 3000.
D. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean attendance is less than 3000.
Question 16 of 40
A skeptical paranormal researcher claims that the proportion of Americans that have seen a UFO is less than 1 in every one thousand. State the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis for a test of significance.
A. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p > 0.001
B. H0: p = 0.001 Ha: p < 0.001
C. H0: p > 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
D. H0: p < 0.001 Ha: p = 0.001
Question 17 of 40
At one school, the mean amount of time that tenth-graders spend watching television each week is 18.4 hours. The principal introduces a campaign to encourage the students to watch less television. One year later, the principal wants to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether the average amount of time spent watching television per week has decreased.
Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for the study described.
A. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ ¹ 18.4 hours
B. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
C. Ho: µ ³ 18.4 hours H a : µ < 18.4 hours
D. Ho: µ = 18.4 hours H a : µ > 18.4 hours
Question 18 of 40
without computing a P-value, determine whether the alternate hypothesis is supported and give a reason for your conclusion.
A. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
B. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.
C. is less than 1 standard deviation above the claimed mean.
D. is more than 4 standard deviations above the claimed mean.

Question 19 of 40
A psychologist claims that more than 29 percent of the professional population suffers from problems due to extreme shyness. Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in non-technical terms.
A. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is less than 29 percent.
B. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
C. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is equal to 29 percent.
D. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the true proportion is greater than 29 percent.
Question 20 of 40
A two-tailed test is conducted at the 5% significance level. Which of the z-scores below is the smallest one that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis?
A. 1.12
B. 1.48
C. 1.84
D. 2.15

Question 21 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 4.613, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Do not Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Do not Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 22 of 40
A large test statistic F tells us that the sample means __________ the data within the individual samples, which would be unlikely if the populations means really were equal (as the null hypothesis claims).
A. differ more than
B. differ less than
C. are equal to
D. do not vary with
Question 23 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 24.8. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.4
B. 4.6
C. 4.8
D. 5.0

Question 24 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent.
The critical value of X2 for a 2 x 2 table using a 0.05 significance level is 3.841. If the value of the X2 statistic is 3.427, state your conclusion about the relationship between gender and colorblindness.
A. Do not reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
B. Do not reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
C. Reject H0. There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
D. Reject H0. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that gender and colorblindness are related.
Question 25 of 40
The margin of error in estimating the population mean of a normal population is E = 9.3 when the sample size is 15. If the sample size had been 18 and the sample standard deviation did not change, would the margin of error be larger or smaller than 9.3? Explain your answer.
A. Smaller. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
B. Smaller. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
C. Larger. E decreases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.
D. Larger. E increases as the square root of the sample size gets larger.

Question 26 of 40
The following data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.
A B C
34 27 19
26 23 31
31 29 22
28 21 22
Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether the groups A, B, and C are independent.
B. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population means of the three groups are equal.
C. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the population variances of the three groups are equal.
D. The purpose of the analysis is to test the hypothesis that the sample means of the three groups are equal.
Question 27 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
B. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
C. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean whenever the sample size is small.
D. The p distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the sample mean whenever the sample size is small.
Question 28 of 40
The __________ test statistic is for the one-way analysis of variance.
A. P-Value
B. t
C. F
D. p
Question 29 of 40
Which of the following statements is true?
A. The t distribution cannot be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
B. The t distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
C. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
D. The p distribution can be used when finding a confidence interval for the population mean with a small sample whenever the sample comes from a symmetric population.
Question 30 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
If gender and colorblindness are independent, find the expected values corresponding to the four combinations of gender and colorblindness, and enter them in the following table along with row and column totals.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male
Female
Total
A. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 54.0
B. Male Colorblind 7.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
C. Male Colorblind 8.0; Male Not Colorblind 52.0
D. Male Colorblind 6.0; Male Not Colorblind 53.0
Question 31 of 40 0.0/ 2.5 Points
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the information above.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 32 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 170 yards when hit with his 6-iron with a club head speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 12 times at the required speed. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this test.
A. H0: µ > 170; Ha: µ = 170
B. H0: µ < 170; Ha: µ = 170
C. H0: µ = 170; Ha: µ > 170
D. H0: µ = 160; Ha: µ > 160

Question 33 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 180 yards when hit with his 5-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 7 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 184.2 yards and a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below.
Area in one tail
0.025 0.05
Area in two tails
Degrees of
Freedom
n - 1 0.05 0.10
6 2.447 1.943
7 2.365 1.895
8 2.306 1.860
9 2.262 1.833
A. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
C. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 180 yards.

Question 34 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 8 52 60
Female 2 38 40
Total 10 90 100
State the null and alternative hypothesis for the test associated with this data.
A.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
B.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are dependent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
C.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are not related in any way.
D.
H0: Colorblindness and gender are independent characteristics.
Ha: Colorblindness and gender are related in some way.
Question 35 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 17.6 < µ < 23.6. What is the margin of error?
A. 2.0
B. 2.7
C. 3.0
D. 4.0

Question 36 of 40
One hundred people are selected at random and tested for colorblindness to determine whether gender and colorblindness are independent. The following counts were observed.
Colorblind Not Colorblind Total
Male 7 53 60
Female 1 39 40
Total 8 92 100
Find the value of the X2 statistic for the data above.
A. 1.325
B. 1.318
C. 1.286
D. 1.264
            None of the above answer choices is correct. This has been a chronic issue
            with this problem set.
Question 37 of 40
A golfer wished to find a ball that would travel more than 160 yards when hit with his 7-iron with a club speed of 90 miles per hour. He had a golf equipment lab test a low compression ball by having a robot swing his club 8 times at the required speed.
Data from this test resulted in a sample mean of 163.2 yards with a sample standard deviation of 5.8 yards. Assuming normality, carry out a hypothesis test at the 0.05 significance level to determine whether the ball meets the golfer’s requirements. Use the partial t-table below to solve this problem.
A. Do not reject the null hypothesis. The data do not provide sufficient
evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. The data does provide sufficient evidence that the average distance is greater than 160 yards.
C. t= 1.2334; Critical value = 1.992
D. Insufficient information to answer this question.
Question 38 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 15.6 < µ < 25.2. What is the margin of error?
A. 3.9
B. 4.8
C. 4.9
D. 3.7
Question 39 of 40
A 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal population is found to be 13.2 < µ < 22.4. What is the margin of error?
A. 4.6
B. 4.4
C. 4.2
D. 5.6
Question 40 of 40
A simple random sample from a normal distribution is taken in order to obtain a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. If the sample size is 8, the sample mean x̄ is 22, and the sample standard deviation s is 6.3, what is the margin of error? Show your answer to 2 decimal places.
A. df = 7; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
B. df = 8; E = 3.3445.38 = 5.6566
C. df = 6; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.769
D. df = 7; E = 2.3656.38 = 5.869

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