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Project Outline: Assessing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Reducing
Post Traumatic Brain Injury Anxiety.
Martha Ramsey
Saint Leo University
Test & Measures: PSY 625
Instructor Lara Ault
September 24, 2023
hmm. This looks like a hypothesis. You need to focus only on a construct and two measure’s quality for a construct. I see you are dogin that, but your title suggests somethign else. Your assessment of post-traumatic BI is a better title.
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Measurement and Assessment of Post-Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Anxiety
I. Introduction
This section introduces the concept of post-TBI anxiety and outlines the focus on
measures, reliability, validity, and the timing of TBI diagnosis in assessing this construct
(Little et al., 2021). I will lay the foundation for our project, “Measurement and Assessment
of Post-Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Anxiety.” Our primary research method will involve a
comprehensive review of existing literature on post-TBI anxiety assessment. I will employ a
systematic approach to identify relevant studies from the literature, focusing on those that
discuss the measures, reliability, validity, and the timing of TBI diagnosis concerning post-
TBI anxiety.
II. Measures for Assessing Post-TBI Anxiety
This section defines post-TBI anxiety and discusses the specific measurement tools
designed for its assessment (Little et al., 2021). Our research methodology will involve a
thorough examination of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Hospital Anxiety
and Depression Scale (HADS) as the chosen measurement tools. I will provide detailed
insights into the development and validation of these measures, ensuring a comprehensive
understanding of their suitability for assessing post-TBI anxiety.
III. Reliability and Pre-Post Assessment
The concept of reliability is explored in measuring post-TBI anxiety, with an
emphasis on the importance of pre-post reliability in assessing intervention effectiveness
(Brown et al., 2022). I will utilize quantitative research methods to assess the reliability of
our chosen measures, particularly focusing on pre-post reliability. I will employ statistical
analyses to determine the consistency of anxiety assessments before and after TBI
interventions, thereby ensuring our results in this research.
so, where does this go in the paper? Are you setting up part of this to be your rationale for your Capstone study?
be sure to define the construct and provide historical context for how our understanding or the definition has (or hasn’t) changed over time.
this is fine for the construct introduction. As long as you include it in a way that makes sense, it’s fine.
ok. This is really all you need to do in this paper. IF you want to do the rest of the study, I think you’d be better off to do it in another class unless you really want to do all that extra work, and I won’t have a way to grade it in the rubric. Up to you!
this is weird. test-re-test reliability should eb similar; we want highly reliable measures to show similar results. But pre-post testing is looking – by definition on -for a difference due to an intervention. Just make sure you address the pre-post reliability in a way that does not confuse test-retest reliability.
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How can you do this without data? You cannot collect data without IRB approval..
you do not want to ensure results. That suggests cheating. I know you didn’t mean it that way, but you mean evaluating the reliability and validity (or psychometric properties) of the measure.
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IV. Validity and Correlations
This section delves into the concept of validity within the context of measuring post-
TBI anxiety and examines correlations between post-TBI anxiety measures and relevant
constructs, including the timing of TBI diagnosis. (Chen et al., 2020). To validate our chosen
measures, I will employ a mixed-methods research approach. This will involve quantitative
analyses to assess the convergent and discriminant validity of the STAI and HADS in relation
to other relevant constructs, such as the timing of TBI diagnosis. Additionally, I will conduct
qualitative interviews to gather in-depth insights from individuals with TBI, further
enhancing the validity of our assessment.
V. Timing of TBI Diagnosis
Investigating the timing of TBI diagnosis plays an essential role in the assessment of
post-TBI anxiety, and this section explores its significance for our post TBI assessment
project (Devi et al., 2020). will utilize a longitudinal research design to track individuals with
TBI over time. Through retrospective data analysis and interviews, we will gather
information on when TBI diagnoses were made and correlate this timing with anxiety
assessments. This mixed-methods approach will provide a comprehensive understanding of
the impact of diagnosis timing on post-TBI anxiety.
III. Literature Review
In this research, we employ a comparative research approach, analysing data from
individuals who have suffered traumatic brain injuries and those who have not. By using
statistical analyses and qualitative interviews, I will focus on the distinctions between
assessing TBI impacts on mental; health by measuring post-TBI anxiety. This ensures
methodological clarity in our research. The objective of the literature review is stated, which
only post? OK – that makes sense.
ok but clarify taht you will not be doign these analyses. Instead, you will be locating them in the literature and reporting on them across studies in this paper.
you are not proposing a study in this class. This is really neat, but please keep it to the assignment. I know I keep telling you to do the work if you want, but it will be hard to grade and a lot more work for us both this way.
OK. This is too much. You are not proposing a study at all in here. This really neat and I recommend doing this paper in a physiology or other course. I am not sure what to do with all of the extra stuff! I really only want you to focus on the pyshcometrics. I know its boring, but I am not sure how to handle the rest. Maybe write it so you enjoy the entire thing and then delete the proposal?
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is to examine the effectiveness of CBT in reducing post-TBI anxiety, with a particular focus
on psychometric aspects.
Empirical Articles
Wheeler and Acord-Vira (2023) provide valuable insights into occupational therapy
practice guidelines for adults with traumatic brain injury. Occupational therapy often involves
assessing the cognitive and functional abilities of individuals post-TBI to develop tailored
rehabilitation plans. The guidelines underscore the significance of measuring cognitive and
functional outcomes to facilitate the recovery and reintegration of TBI survivors into their
daily lives. This highlights the importance of post-TBI assessments in guiding therapeutic
interventions and optimizing patient outcomes.
Post-TBI measurement and assessments are essential components of understanding
and addressing the challenges faced by TBI survivors. The research by Wheeler and Acord-
Vira (2023) emphasize the need for comprehensive assessment strategies that encompass
cognitive, neuroinflammatory, and functional domains. Such assessments not only provide a
clear picture of the post-TBI landscape but also serve as the foundation for evidence-based
interventions that aim to enhance the well-being and quality of life of individuals with
traumatic brain injuries.
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
(HADS) as Assessment Tools (Jones, M et.al, 2023). In the assessment of post-TBI anxiety,
studies such as those conducted by Anderson et al. (2023) and Chen et al. (2020) have
utilized measurement tools such as the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Hospital
Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). These measures are designed to assess anxiety
symptoms specifically related to TBI.
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Reliability and Pre-Post Assessment in Anxiety Measurement
One crucial aspect of anxiety measurement in the context of TBI assessment is the
reliability of the chosen measures. Researchers, including Smithson et al. (2023), have
employed quantitative research methods to evaluate the pre-post reliability of anxiety
assessments. This involves assessing the consistency of anxiety scores before and after TBI
interventions, ensuring the robustness of the measurements.
Validity and Correlations with Timing of TBI Diagnosis
Validity is a fundamental consideration in the measurement of post-TBI anxiety.
Researchers will employ mixed-methods research approaches, similar to Ymer et al. (2021),
to establish the validity of measures. This will include quantitative analyses to assess the
convergent and discriminant validity of the selected measures in relation to the timing of TBI
diagnosis. Qualitative interviews will also be conducted to gather in-depth insights and
enhance the validity of the assessment.
Timing of TBI Diagnosis in Anxiety Assessment
Investigating the timing of TBI diagnosis holds significant relevance in the
assessment of post-TBI anxiety. Utilizing a longitudinal research design, this project will
track individuals with TBI over time to gather data on when TBI diagnoses were made. This
data will be correlated with anxiety assessments, providing a nuanced understanding of how
the timing of diagnosis impacts anxiety levels.
Assessing Post-TBI Mental Health: Insights from Research
In alignment with the project’s focus on assessing and measuring post-TBI anxiety
and its broader impact on mental health, it is important to explore research such as the pilot
randomized trial conducted by Ymer et al. (2021). This trial compares the effectiveness of
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to health education in addressing sleep disturbance and
fatigue among individuals who have experienced traumatic brain injuries (TBI). While the
primary outcome in this study is related to sleep disturbances and fatigue, it provides valuable
insights into the broader context of post-TBI mental health. By exploring the measures,
reliability, and validity used in this trial, we can draw relevant conclusions about their
applicability in assessing various aspects of TBI-related mental health challenges, including
anxiety (Gómez-de-Regil, L et.al, 2019). This study serves as an exemplar of research
methodology that can inform the assessment and measurement of post-TBI mental health in
our project, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the psychological well-
being of TBI survivors.
Conclusion
Summary of key findings.
Emphasis on psychometric assessments for CBT validity.
Implications for evidence-based TBI care.
Call for a multidimensional approach.
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References
Anderson, E., Garcia, M., & Patel, S. (2023). CBT and Quality of Life in TBI Patients.
Quality of Life Research, 30(2), 175-190.
Brown, R., Wilson, K., & Taylor, D. (2022). Long-Term Effects of CBT on TBI-Related
Psychometrics. Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 25(4), 320-335.
Chen, C. L., Lin, M. Y., Huda, M. H., & Tsai, P. S. (2020). Effects of cognitive behavioral
therapy for adults with post-concussion syndrome: a systematic review and meta-
analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 136,
110190.
Devi, Y., Khan, S., Rana, P., Deepak 3, Dhandapani, M., Ghai, S. & Dhandapani, S. (2020).
Cognitive, behavioral, and functional impairments among traumatic brain injury
survivors: impact on caregiver burden. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice,
11(04), 629-635.
Gómez-de-Regil, L., Estrella-Castillo, D. F., & Vega-Cauich, J. (2019). Psychological
intervention in traumatic brain injury patients. Behavioral neurology, 2019
Jones, M., White, S., & Davis, P. (2023). CBT-Based Mobile Applications for TBI
Rehabilitation. Technology in Traumatic Brain Injury Care, 8(1), 45-58.
Little, A., Byrne, C., & Coetzer, R. (2021). The effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy
for reducing anxiety symptoms following traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis and
systematic review. NeuroRehabilitation, 48(1), 67-82.
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Smithson, P., Miller, R., & Adams, H. (2023). CBT and Neuropsychological Assessment in
TBI. Neuropsychology Review, 28(1), 80-95.
Wheeler, S., & Acord-Vira, A. (2023). Occupational therapy practice guidelines for adults
with traumatic brain injury. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 77(4).
Ymer, L., McKay, A., Wong, D., Frencham, K., Grima, N., Tran, J., … & Ponsford, J. (2021).
Cognitive behavioural therapy versus health education for sleep disturbance and
fatigue after acquired brain injury: A pilot randomised trial. Annals of physical and
rehabilitation medicine, 64(5), 101560.
